去噪技术在地震资料处理中的应用  

Applied Techniques ForSuppressing Noise in Seismic Data Processing

作　　者：苑益军[1] 牛滨华[1] 王焕弟[1] 刘爱香[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球物理与信息技术学院,北京100083 [2]华北油田物探公司,河北任丘062552

出　　处：《东华理工学院学报》2005年第1期12-16,共5页Journal of East China Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(49974028)

摘　　要：讨论了目前提高地震资料信噪比的方法及应用技术。通过对原始地震记录中普遍存在的噪声进行了分析。对于无规则噪声,应采用f x域随机噪声衰减或多项式拟合的办法;对于有规则噪声,倾角滤波或FK滤波手段则更为有效。强调了在去噪过程中选择去噪参数的重要性。阐明了同相叠加技术也是一种提高地震资料信噪比的有效手段。总之,针对不同的噪声,应采用不同的去噪方法。实际地震资料处理表明,上述几种去噪方法对提高地震资料的信噪比是行之有效的。In this paper,we discuss the current methods of improving the signal-to-noise ratio and its applying techniques. First, we analyze the types of noise which commonly exist in field seismic data. For irregular noise in seismograms, we suggest using the attenuation method in the f-x domain and polynomial fitting;for regular noise, DIP and F-K filtering are more effective. Second, we emphasize the importance of choosing parameters of suppressing noise. Finally, we shed light on the cophasal stacking technique is also an effective method which can enhance signal-to-noise ratio in seismic data. In a word, according to the types of noise, we adopt corresponding methods to suppress them. Seismic data processing shows that the methods we advocated are feasible and effective.

关 键 词：地震资料处理 去噪技术 去噪方法 多项式拟合 信噪比 应用技术 地震记录 噪声衰减 F-X域 倾角滤波 叠加技术 

分 类 号：P631.443[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P631.44[天文地球—地质学]