六倍体山羊草与普通小麦杂种F_1细胞学研究  

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON F_1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN HEXAPLOID AEGILOPS AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM

作　　者：李洪杰[1] 方仁[1] 郭北海[1] 王子宁[1] 裴翠娟[1] 崔海瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050031 [2]北京农业大学,北京100094

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1994年第9期714-719,共6页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金

摘　　要：粗厚山羊草［Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｃｒａｓｓａ Ｂｏｉｓｓ．（２ｎ＝ ６ｘ＝ ４２，ＤＤＤ２ Ｄ２ＭＣｒＭＣｒ）］、叙利亚山羊草［Ａｅ．ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ （Ｚｈｕｋ．）Ｃｈｅｎｎ．（２ｎ＝ ６ｘ＝ ４２， ＤＤ ＭＣｒＭＣｒＳＰ ＳＰ）］与普通小麦［Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．（２ｎ＝ ６ｘ＝ ４２， ＡＡＢＢＤＤ）］杂种Ｆ１ 植株形态大多偏向山羊草亲本。４ 个叙利亚山羊草×普通小麦和１ 个粗厚山羊草×普通小麦杂种Ｆ１ 自交结实，结实率在０．１％ —６．５％ 之间。这些种子胚乳很少，生活力较弱，播种后，只有少数种子出苗。杂种Ｆ１ ＰＭＣ减数分裂染色体配对水平较低，出现大量的单价体，二价体低于理论值，并且大多为棒形，说明两种山羊草的Ｄ组染色体已经过很大的修饰。在各杂种Ｆ１ 中还观察到少量的三价体，有些杂种还可见频率很低的四价体和五价体。以山羊草为母本的杂种Ｆ１ 染色体交叉频率优于反交。Ｆ１ 染色体分离极不正常，产生大量的多分孢子和微核。在叙利亚山羊草×冀麦３０ 号中还发现１ 株体细胞染色体为２１ 条的植株。Morphologcal and cytological studies of hybrids between hexaploid Aegilops crassa Boiss.(2n=6x=42, DDD 2 D 2M cr M cr ), Ae.vavilovii (Zhuk.)Chen.(2n=6x=42, DDM cr M cr S p S p) and Triticum aestivum L.(2n=6x=42, AABBDD) were carried out.The results showed that most of the F 1 hybrids morphologically resembled their Aegilops parental species. Four F 1 hybrids of Ae.vavilovii × T.aestivum and one of Ae.crassa × T.aestivum produced seeds containing few endosperms.The percentage of seed obtained ranged from 0 1% to 6 5%.These seeds were not vigorous and only a few of them germinated.A large number of univalents appeared at meiosis MI.The frequencies of bivalents were lower than those being theoriticaly estimated.These results indicated that the D genomes in Ae.crassa and Ae.vavilovii may have been substantially mordified.Trivalents were observed in all F 1 hybrids.Quadrivalents and pentavalents were also observed in some PMCs during meiosis.The chiasmata frequencies in hybrids using Aegilops species as maternal parents were higher than those in their reciprocal ones.Chromosome segrigations were abnormal at AⅠ and AⅡ.Polyads and micronuclei appeared frequently at telophase tetrad stage.A plant with 21 chromosomes was obtained in Ae.vavilovii × Jimai 30, although the reason was not yet clear.

关 键 词：山羊草 小麦 属间杂种 细胞学 

分 类 号：S512.103.2[农业科学—作物学]