多胚水稻品系SB-1的细胞胚胎学研究:助细胞无配子生殖  

CYTOEMBRYOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POLYEMBRYONIC LINE SB 1 OF ORYZA SATIVA: APOGAMY OF SYNERGIDS

作　　者：刘永胜[1] 孙敬三[1] 王伏雄[1] 周开达[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100044 [2]四川农业大学,雅安625014

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1994年第11期828-832,共5页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

摘　　要：对多胚水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）品系ＳＢ－１ 自然群体中单倍体来源进行的细胞胚胎学研究表明，卵器中的一个或两个助细胞能在受精之前发育成胚，其发生率分别为观察子房数的２．２４％ 和１．７５％ 。在１ 个助细胞提前发育成胚的胚囊中观察到双受精作用。在开花后３—８ ｄ的颖果中观察到１．６２％ 的与合子胚迥异的异位瘦长单胚和０．８１％ 的有胚无胚乳子房，根据胚所处的位置认为其来源于助细胞无配子生殖。此外，还观察到极少数的中央细胞未经受精自发产生胚乳的现象。Cytoembryological studies were carried out to reveal the origin of haploids occurring in the natural population of polyembryonic line SB 1 from Oryza sativa L.The results showed that one or both synergids might develop into embryos prior to fertilization with frequencies of 2 24% and 1 75% respectively in the observed ovaries.Double fertilization was observed in the embryo sacs with one previously developed multicellular embryo.In caryopsis 3—8 days after anthesis, 1 62% of abnormal slender embryos, which were morphologically different from zygotic embryos, were present between the endosperm and nucellus, while 0 8% of pyriform embryos near the micropylar end without endosperm were observed.These embryos were considered to possess the apogamous origin of unfertilized synergids.Rarely, in addition some ovaries the unfertilized central cells automatically developed into endosperms, which were confirmed by the presence of distinctly intact egg apparatus and the absence of trace of pollen tubes The occurrence of apogamy in SB 1 and its potentiality to rice breeding are here with discussed.

关 键 词：水稻 无配子生殖 卵器 助细胞 细胞胚胎学 

分 类 号：S511.103.2[农业科学—作物学]