山地荒漠草原不同植物群落物种-多度关系分析  

Analysis on the Species-abundance Relationship of Different Plant Communities in the Mountain Desert-grassland

作　　者：尚占环[1] 姚爱兴[2] 龙瑞军[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]宁夏大学草业科学研究所,宁夏银川750105

出　　处：《河北大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第2期173-178,共6页Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39960052)

摘　　要：在群落样方调查的基础上,计算群落物种重要值,确定群落类型.对群落物种重要值采用分割线段模型(brokenstickmodel)、对数级数分布(Logseriesdistribution)、对数正态分布(Lognormaldistribution)、几何级数分布(Geometricseriesdistribution)等4个种-多度模型进行拟合.结果表明石质山坡(长芒草Sti pabungeana-冷蒿Artemisiafrigida)群落对数级数拟合结果更好,土质山坡群落(短花针茅Stipabrevifo ra-长芒草Stipabungeana)对数正态分布拟合更好,说明了2个群落结构是对2个样地环境特点与放牧干扰相互作用的响应.沙化草地(油蒿Artemisiaordosica-刺叶柄棘豆Oxytropisaciphlla)群落中油蒿处于极优势地位,占据整个群落的大多数生态空间.拟合检验表明该山地草地植被物种分布格局较符合随机生态位假说和生态位占领假说,严重的放牧干扰不仅降低了优势物种在群落中的优势程度,使次优势物种及其他物种也没能较好的发育,说明外部非生物环境对群落胁迫程度较大.Based on the sampling investigation and calculating important value of all samples,three types of communities were confirmed.Four species_abundance relationship models(broken stick model,Log series distribution,Log normal distribution,Geometric series distribution)were used to fit three plant community distribution patterns in the typical mountain desert_grassland in Ningxia Xiangshan region.The result showed that,the stone_hill slope(Stipa bungeana_Artemisia frigida community) and the soil_hill slope(Stipa breviflora_Stipa bungeana community)were fit by Log series distribution model and Log normal distribution model more than others,and also showed that those community structure and component were a response pattren to environment factors and long_term disturbance with grazing in the mountain grassland.In the desert grassland (Artemisia ordosica_Ammopiptantus mongolicus community),Artemisia ordosica was most dominant species and its ecological niche was very large that occupied the most ecological space of the community.The statistical checking result showed that two hypothesis(randomly ecological niche hypothesis and ecology niche occupation hypothesis)confirmed with the species distribution pattern of the mountain vegetation.The disturbance of grazing not only reduced the dominant degree of dominant species,but also reduced dominant degree of sub_dominant species and others species were not growing or developing well.All study results indicated that all communy patterns and dynamics were disturbed by some external no_biology factors(grazing and drought ect.)much more than by others.

关 键 词：干旱山地 荒漠草原 物种多样性 种-多度模型 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]