银苞芋成熟植株对长时间模拟微重力环境的适应  

ADAPTATION OF MATURE SPATHIPHYLLUM SP. PLANT TO PROLONGED SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY

作　　者：吴敦肃 陈一新[1] 高小彦[1] 郭一松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1994年第12期924-929,共6页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

摘　　要：将成熟的银苞芋（Ｓｐａｔｈｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ ｓｐ．）植株连同装有栽培土的花盆置于模拟微重力装置上，旋转３０ ｄ 和６２ ｄ，发现旋转３０ ｄ 的植株光合速率减弱，至６２ ｄ 恢复到６０％ 以上。其主要细胞学变化如下：叶绿体基粒无变化，旋转３０ ｄ 其叶绿体内含极少淀粉颗粒，至６２ ｄ 淀粉颗粒全部消失，但出现多量电子密度低的球形物质，显然在微重力下光合代谢发生了适应性的变化；旋转３０ ｄ 的植株其根冠分生组织细胞暂停分裂，至６２ ｄ 其分裂速度超过对照，主根的长度超过对照的１ 倍以上；旋转植株根冠的分化组织细胞转化为平衡囊细胞，但不能继续转化为分泌细胞，而直接老化，故无胞吐作用。在根伸长时土粒擦破老化细胞壁形成拟胞吐作用。Mature Spathiphyllum sp. plants were grown in soil in pots under clinostatic or stationary condition. Photosynthetic rate fell to almost zero after 30 d in clinostat, but recovered to more than 60% of the original on the 62nd day. Grana in chloroplasts remained normal in clinostat. There were few starch grains in chloroplasts after 30 d in clinostat, and almost none on the 62nd day, but numerous globular objects of low electronic density were observed. These were probably related to the adaptative changes of photosynthesis. Cell division in meristematic cells of root cap ceased after 30 d in clinostat, and then resumed to attain a rate even higher than that in the control plant on 62nd day, Further the length of the tap root was more than double that in the control plants. Some of the meristematic cells in the root cap under clinstatic condition transformed into statocyst cells, which senesced and were not transformed into secretory cells. No exocytosis was observed in plant in clinostatic condition, albeit the cell wall was broken from abrasion during root growth, resulting in pseudo exocytosis, and from which the exudates acted as lubricants for the free extension of the root tip during root growth.

关 键 词：芋 银苞芋 模拟 微重力 拟胞吐 光合速率 

分 类 号：S632.301[农业科学—蔬菜学]