小麦的不同染色体组对G、S^v、D^2、M^u型细胞质“中国春”育性的影响  

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GENOMES OF WHEAT ON FERTILITY OF ALLOPLASMIC “CHINESE SPRING” WITH G,S￣v, D￣2,AND M￣u CYTOPLASMS

作　　者：薛玺[1] 王建革[1] 徐香玲[1] 王同昌 李集临[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生物系

出　　处：《植物研究》1994年第2期191-200,共10页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文以Ｇ、Ｊｖ、Ｄ２、Ｍｕ型异细胞质“中国春”；小麦为母本与１１个不同染色体组类型小麦为父本进行杂交，观察当代的结实率，Ｆ１的育性与性状的变化、减数分裂行为，进一步探讨小麦的细胞质雄性不育与染色体组类型的关系。结果表明：当代结实率主要由父本染色体组类型决定，Ｆ１的育性表现十分复杂，同一父本与不同的异细胞质“中国春”杂交，有的表现可育，有的表现不育，细胞质有一定的影响。Ｆ１的性状，有的与细胞质类型有关，如熟期、雄蕊形态、生长期与抗病性等。选择适宜可获得有明显杂种优势的组合。有的细胞质类型可影响减数分裂行为使中期Ⅰ配对的染色体增加或减少，在四分期出现微核与异常四分孢子。our lines of common wheat, Chinese Spring, with different alien cytoplasms, G, Sv, D2of Mu, were crossed with 11 lines of common weat with different genotypes as parent, in order to explore the relationship between cytoplasmic male sterility and genome by means of observing and analyzing seed-set rate of the crossing generation variation of fertility and Phenotype, and chromosome behaviour at meiosis. The result showed that the seed-set rate of the crossing generation depends on he parent genotype. The fertility in F1hybrids is very complicated, that is, there are either some fertile hybrids but some sterile hybrids in combinations of crossing diffrent alloplasmic 'Chinese Spring' with the same prent, indicating that the fertility is affected by the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic effect appears on some characters, for in stance, mature period, staminal form, growth power and resistance to diseases, ets. Some nucleus-cytoplasm combinations with significant heterosis could be selected in the offsprings. Some alien cytoplasms affect chromosomal behaviour at meiosis so that bivalent can be increased or decreased in number in pollen mother cells, and some micronuclei formed in tetrads and abnormal tetrads produced.

关 键 词：异细胞质 育性 核质杂种 小麦 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]