山杨林地枯落物层对溅蚀的影响  

The effects of litter layer on splash erosion in Populus davidiana woodland

作　　者：韩冰[1] 吴钦孝[1] 刘向东[1] 汪有科[1] 赵鸿雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究院

出　　处：《植物资源与环境》1994年第4期5-9,共5页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：天然降雨下３０年生山杨林内溅蚀试验结果表明，当Ｉ＿（３０）（最大３０分钟雨强）为０．０７６ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ或Ｐ＿ｏ（林内降雨量）为３．３ｍｍ时，清除枯落物层林地发生溅蚀，在Ｉ＿（３０）为０．３５ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ或Ｐ＿ｏ为２５．５６ｍｍ时具１ｃｍ枯落物层的林地不发生溅蚀；从溅蚀月动态看出７、８月份占全年溅蚀量的６０％以上；在同一土壤和坡度条件下，Ｉ＿（３０）、Ｐ＿ｏ、Ｈ＿１（枯落物层厚度）是溅蚀发生的主要因素，且溅蚀量（Ｓ＿ｔ）与其呈二次多项式回归关系，但当枯落物层具有一定厚度时溅蚀与其他因素无关。溅蚀主要发生在清除枯落物层的林下，随枯落物层厚度增加，溅蚀量剧减，当枯落物层积累到１ｃｍ时防止土壤溅蚀量达９７．５０％。Under the condition of natural rainfall,the results of splash erosion experiment in the woodland of 30-year-old Populus davidiana have shown : if I_(30)( maximum thirty-minute intensity of rain)=0.076 mm/min or P_o(the precipitation inside woodland)=3.3 mm,the splash erosion will be occured by the removing of litter layer ,splash erosion is absent when litter layer is of 1 cm,I_(30)= 0. 35 mm/min or P_o= 25. 56 mm. Splash erosion in July and August occupies more the 60%of the total annual amount.Under the same status of soil and gradient,I_(30),P_o and H_1(litter layer thickness) are the major factors which control the occurence of splash erosion , and the splash erosion amount will express quadratic multinomial regression relation to them , but when the litter layer reached a certain thickness,splash erosion is not related with the other facter.Splash erosion mainly occures on the woodland which litter layer has been removed,with the increasing of litter layer,splash erosion intensely reduced , when the litter layer accumulation reachs 1 cm,it can prevent from 97.5%soil splash erosion.

关 键 词：枯落物层 溅蚀 土壤保持 山杨 林地 

分 类 号：S792.114[农业科学—林木遗传育种]