国际航行船舶生活垃圾消毒处理方法的研究  

STUDY ON THE METHOD OF DISINFECTION OF DAILY-LIFE GARBAGE IN INTERNA-TIONALLY SAILING SHIPS

作　　者：徐燕[1] 钱吉生 孙俊[1] 陈越英[1] 姜志宽[3] 黄立业 王玲[1] 谈智[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,南京210009 [2]南京市出入境检验检疫局 [3]南京军区军事医学研究所

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2005年第2期128-132,共5页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

基　　金：国家质量监督检验总局立项课题;编号K044-2001

摘　　要：研究国际航行船舶生活垃圾消毒与杀虫双重功效的处理方法,将消毒剂与杀虫剂复配,用双筒储压式喷雾器进行消毒处理,采用载体定量杀菌试验和现场试验进行了消毒效果评价。结果,以含有效氯300mg/L消毒液分别作用5min,对布片上金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的杀灭率均为100%;作用7min对大肠杆菌的杀灭率为100%。以含有效氯2000mg/L的消毒液作用30min,对载体上枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的杀灭率为100%,作用20min对不锈钢载体上HBsAg的抗原性破坏合格。以溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、增效剂、乳化剂、乙醇、戊唑醇、阿维菌素、磷酸三丁酯与5000mg/L有效氯所组成的复方作用15min,对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的杀灭率>99.999%,其与900mg/L有效氯复配对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌作用5min,杀灭率均达到99.999%以上。现场应用结果表明,所选消毒剂对普通船舶表面可以采用喷雾消毒,对于来自非疫区的生活垃圾、泔水可用含有效氯1000mg/L消毒液喷雾消毒作用30min;对来自疫区的生活垃圾和泔水只能采用含有效氯5000mg/L消毒液浸泡消毒30min。In order to study the method having dual function of disinfection and disinsectization of daily -life garbage in internationally sailing ships, combination of disinfectant with insecticide and double-barrel pressure-containing sprayer were used for disinfection treatment. The disinfection efficacy of this method was evaluated using carrier quantitative germicidal test and on-the-spot trial. Results: The killing rate of both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans on the cloth strips exposed to the disinfection solution containing available chlorine 300 mg/L for 5 min was 100% and that of Escherichia coli exposed for 7 min was 100%. The disinfection solution containing available chlorine 2000 mg/L with 30 min contact time killed 100% of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger on carriers and this disinfection solution with a 20 min contact time could destroy eligibly the antigenicity of HBsAg on stainless steel carrier. The compound prescription composed of decamethrin, permethrin, synergist, emulsifier, ethanol, tebuconazole, avilamycin and tributyl phosphate and containing available chlorine 5000 mg/L with a 15 min contact time killed >99.999% of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger and the compoud prescription containing available chlorine 900 mg/L with a 5 min contact time killed over 99.999% of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The results of on-the-spot trial showed that spraying disinfection with the disinfectant selected can be used for disinfection of common ship surface. Spray of the disinfection solution containing available chlorine 1000 mg/L for 30 min could be used for disinfection of the daily-life garbage and swill collected from non-epidemic area, while for disinfection of the daily-life garbage and swill collected from epidemic area, only immersing in the disinfection solution containing available chlorine 5000 mg/L for 30 min could be used.

关 键 词：船舶垃圾 含氯消毒剂 消毒 杀虫剂 喷雾器 

分 类 号：R187.2[医药卫生—流行病学]