沙区旱作农田作物垄沟种植下土壤水分动态观测——太仆寺旗油菜种植试验结果  

Observation on Soil Moisture Dynamics of Rainfed Ridge-furrow Planting Field in Sandy Area ——Result from a Rape Planting Experiment in Tai Pu Si Banner

作　　者：刘目兴[1] 王静爱[1] 刘连友[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2005年第3期120-125,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2002BA517A-10);国家重点基础发展规划项目(G2000018604)资助

摘　　要：在沙区旱作农田设计了4种种植油菜的垄沟种植试验,观测了其与传统平作下的土壤重量含水率.野外对比观测表明:在油菜生长季内,垄沟种植下土壤的水分含量高于传统平作,尤其在地表0～30cm的耕作层;土壤水分在生长季内呈'双峰双谷'型波动特征,可分为'墒情恢复期--缓慢耗墒期--墒情恢复期--迅速耗墒期--墒情恢复期'五个阶段,迅速耗墒期与油菜的旺盛生长期一致,而该时段垄沟种植下土壤重量含水率较高;在同一深度土层,垄沟种植下土壤水分的变异系数小于传统平作,土壤水分季节速变层和活跃层厚度小,稳定层靠近地表,土壤干湿波动较小.该试验研究可以为调整沙区旱地耕作方式,优化土地利用结构及风蚀防治提供参考.Four fields were designed to conduct ridge-furrow planting experiment in desert region, and soil gravimetric water content rates of that four fieldsand a conventional flat-tillage field were observed. Field observations indicated: during rape growing period, soil water contents of ridge-furrow planting fields were higher than that of conventionalflat-tillage field, especially in plow layer (0~30cm); The fluctuation of soil moisture showed 'two peaks-two valleys'type during rape growing period, and it could be divided into five phases :'soil moisture restoring stage-soil moisture slowly consuming stage-soil moisture restoring stage-soil moisture rapidly consuming stage-soil moisture restoring stage”. The soil moisture fast consuming stage was coincidedwith the quickly growing period of rape, in which soil gravimetric water contents in of ridge-furrow planting fields were higher than that of conventional flat-tillage;Compared with the conventional flat-tillage field, in the same depthlayer of the soil, the variation coefficient of ridge-furrow planting fields was smaller, the thickness of fast changing layer and active layer was smaller, the stable layer was closer to the surface of the soil, and the dry-wet fluctuation of the soil was smaller.This experimental research could provide references to adjusting tillage measure of rainfed field, optimizing land use structure, and preventing wind erosion in desert region.

关 键 词：土壤水分 土壤重量含水率 耕作方式 垄沟种植 稳定性 油菜 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S565.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]