黄土丘陵小流域植被生态用水评价  

Assessment on Vegetation Ecological Water Consumption in Gully Catchment of Loess Plateau, China

作　　者：黄奕龙[1] 陈利顶[2] 傅伯杰[2] 张利萍[1] 王仰麟[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院数字城市与景观生态研究中心 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085 [3]北京大学环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2005年第2期152-155,194,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目 (2 0 0 1BA60 6A - 0 3);国家自然基金委创新群体项目 (40 32 1 1 0 1 )

摘　　要：以黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域为例,计算了植被最小需水量,评价了不同植被类型的生态用水量。研究结果表明:(1)土壤含水量、蒸散量均与植被类型和降雨量密切相关。对于相同年份,乔灌林地的土壤含水量和蒸散量都显著地大于农地;对于相同的植被类型,干旱年份(2 0 0 2年)的土壤含水量和蒸散量都显著小于湿润年份(2 0 0 3年)。(2 )从月尺度来说,不论是干旱年还是湿润年,植被生态用水在生长季节旺季均低于其最小生态需水量;从年尺度来说,干旱年份所有植被生态用水均低于其最小生态需水量,但湿润年份所有植被(除小麦外)生态用水都可以达到其最小生态需水量;以多年平均降雨量为标准,马铃薯和沙棘可以达到其最小生态需水标准,其它4种植被类型都不能达到其最小生态需水标准。本文建议:对于半干旱黄土丘陵地区,植被恢复不宜以乔灌林为主,并注意斑块形状和种植密度;在植被恢复的过程中,可以采用人工方法,促进自然恢复。The least ecological water demand was calculated and the ecological water consumption of different vegetation types was assessed in this paper. The results exhibited that (1) soil moisture and evapotranspiration were closely relative to vegetation types and rainfall. For the same year, soil moisture and evapotranspiration of woodland and shrubland were significantly higher than that of cropland. For the same vegetation types, soil moisture and evapotranspiration in dry year (2002) were lower than that in wet year (2003). (2) Whether wet or dry years, monthly vegetation ecological water using was lower than the least ecological water demand in some months. For yearly scale, the ecological water using of all the six vegetation types in dry year all lower than the least ecological water demand, but higher than the least ecological water demand in wet year (except for wheat). For the averaged rainfall year, ecological water using of potato and H.rhamnoides can reach their least ecological water demand, but the other 4 vegetation types all cannot reach their least ecological water demand. This paper suggested that (1) Arbor and shrub, especially forest, could not be adopted as the major vegetation type. (2) Artificial also can be used to increase the vegetation restoration process.

关 键 词：小流域 评价 土壤含水量 生态需水量 植被类型 黄土丘陵地区 植被恢复 干旱年份 黄土丘陵区 生态用水量 2003年 2002年 平均降雨量 蒸散量 研究结果 生长季节 种植密度 斑块形状 人工方法 自然恢复 最小 湿润 月尺度 标准 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]