城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题建模  

A modeling approach to hierarchical location problem of urban disaster prevention and mitigation facilities

作　　者：陈志宗[1] 尤建新[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2005年第2期131-135,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

摘　　要：提出了城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题,并对其进行了分类。针对高低级设施相对独立和相互从属的层级选址问题进行了建模。依据城市防灾减灾设施选址问题的特点,提出了两阶段的层级选址过程:(1)使用位置集合覆盖模型确定能覆盖全部需求点所必需的最少设施数量和位置,作为基本等级设施的选址;(2)对独立型层级选址问题,使用最大覆盖准则确定高级设施的位置,对从属型层级选址问题,使用极小和准则确定高级设施的位置。对层级选址问题模型的应用进行了讨论。In this paper the hierarchical location problem of urban disaster prevention and mitigation facilities is put forward and classified. This hierarchical location problem is modelled in both types, in which higher-lower level facilities are relatively independent and mutual subordinate respectively. According to the characteristic of urban disaster prevention and mitigation facilities location problem, a two-stages process of hierarchical location is presented as follows:(1) location set covering model is used to determine the necessary minimum numbers of facilities and its locations, that can cover all demanded points and be taken as the basic-level facilities; (2) for the independent type of hierarchical location problem, the maximal covering criterion is used to determine the locations of high-level facilities, for the subordinate type of hierarchical location problem, the minimum sum criterion is used to determine the locations of high-level facilities. The application of the model of hierarchical location problem is also discussed.

关 键 词：防灾减灾设施 层级选址 建模 最大覆盖准则 极小和准则 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]