略论辽代文学及文化制度  

On the Literary and Cultural System of the Liao Dynasty

作　　者：胡淑慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中文系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2005年第3期72-77,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：契丹族建立的辽国长期占据中国长城以北地区,与北宋对峙长达两个世纪之久。在文化发展上同中原文化相比形成了自己的特色,主要表现在:(1)契丹族文人成为辽代文学的主体;(2)契丹族祖先崇尚武功,无暇文事,但建国后的第二、第三代开始注重文化的发展,并最终取得了很大的成就;(3)辽代女作家表现突出。文学的发展离不开文化政策的实施,辽代采取了一系列措施发展本民族文化,如:制定本民族文字,兴办州学、国子学,复兴科举制,以本民族文字翻译汉文书籍以及崇儒尊教等。The Liao Dynasty was established by the nomadic tribe—Khitan that lived in the grassland in north China. The culture of Liao Dynasty is worth paying attention to. We can make a table of the selected works of Liao literati on the basis of poems and essays collected in the local records written by the past dynastic scholars. There are some distinctive points in the table. Firstly, the literati who could stand for the greatest achievements of Liao Dynasty were the Kuitan nationality. They were the main body of Liao Dynasty. Secondly, Kuitan literati had an obvious property—their ancestors got the ruling power of half China by using military forces. They paid more attention to ruling the country than to developing culture, but from their attitudes toward Chinese culture, they supported and admired Confucianism of the Central Plains greatly. In these better cultural surroundings, their offspring went on working and got greater achievements. At last, women writers of the Khitan tribe had outstanding performance. These women such as Xiao Guanyin, Xiao Sese are good representatives of Liao literature. Literature is closely related to the cultural policy, which provides and guides the trend of literature. At the same time, literature shows and promotes implementing the cultural policy. Liao took such measures to develop culture. First, it created Kuitan language .The ruler of Liao—Apoki ordered his ministers and some Han intellectuals to create big Khitan characters. Apoki's younger brother created small Khitan characters according to their needs afterwards. Second, it set up prefectural academies or national university to train Khitan people. These schools used Confucian classics and history books to educate Khitan students. Third, the imperial examination system also brought about great influences. Fourth, many books written in Chinese were translated into Khitan language. The rulers and Khitan intellectuals translated many Han books, which encouraged the development of Khitan's culture. Fifth, they began to respe

关 键 词：辽代 契丹族文人 主体 文化制度 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]