治沟骨干工程台阶式泄水建筑物的消能防冲研究  

Energy Dissipation and Erosion Control of Stepped Overflow Structure on Key Dam of Gully Correction

作　　者：田嘉宁[1] 李建中[1] 高桥正行 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,陕西西安710048 [2]日本大学

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2005年第2期1-4,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(2003E218);陕西省教育厅专项科研基金(01JK183)

摘　　要：进行了可用于治沟骨干坝的3种不同坡度的台阶式泄水建筑物的模型试验。结果表明,在跌落水流时,消力池跃前断面单位能量随斜坡变陡和相对坝高Hdam/yc增加而增大,但当Hdam/yc增加到某一值后,逐渐趋于平缓。消力池跃前断面底部压力yp与堰上临界水深yc呈现正比线性相关,yp大小与台阶个数N无关。比较跃前断面压力修正系数λ>1和λ=1时的消能率,当Hdam/yc=10左右时,其消能率相对误差可达7%左右,但当Hdam/yc≥70时,其相对误差则降至1%。试验结果也同时显示出λ与yp/y1同样有着很好的线性关系,其相关系数r=0.99999。Modelled tests on a key dam show that, under nappe flow over three different slopes on a stepped overflow structure, unit energy in the flow cross section before the hydraulic jump increases with increasing slope, and ~H_~dam/~y_c similarly increases. As ~H_~dam/~y_c approaches a certain value, the rate of increase in the unit energy in the flow cross section slows. The pressure ~y_p at the bottom of the cross section before the hydraulic jump in stilling basins demonstrates a positive linear correlation with critical water depth ~y_c to the water crest, with the number N of the steps not affecting ~y_p. Comparison of energy dissipation ratios at λ>1 and λ=1 (λ is the correction factor for pressure at the cross section before a hydraulic jump) reveals that the relative error amounts to about 7% when ~H_~dam/~y_c=10, with this error decreasing to 1% when ~H_~dam/~y_c≥70. Experimental results also show that λ has a very strong linear correlation with ~y_p/~y_1 (r=0.9999).

关 键 词：治沟骨干工程 台阶式泄水建筑物 消能防冲 坡度 骨干坝 淤地坝 

分 类 号：TV65[水利工程—水利水电工程]