驾驶员饮酒与机动车道路伤害的关系  

Association of Alcohol Drinking in Drivers and Risk for Road Motor Vehicle Injury

作　　者：刘改芬[1] 乌正赉[1] 梁多宏[2] 史新竹[2] 王凤芝[2] 韩松[2] 于舰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所,中国协和医科大学基础医学院流行病学教研室,北京100005 [2]沈阳医学院流行病学教研室 [3]沈阳市公安局交通警察支队事故处

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2005年第2期112-115,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的　探讨驾驶员饮酒与机动车道路伤害之间的关系。方法　采用病例对照研究方法,以2 0 0 1年11月至2 0 0 2年8月在沈阳市皇姑区发生机动车交通事故的驾驶员40 6例为病例,同期、同地区内于随机时间、随机道路上正常行驶的驾驶员43 8例为对照。采用统一的问卷对驾驶员进行面询,调查内容包括一般情况,发生事故前/调查时(对照)饮酒情况,进行呼出气酒精检测和血液乙醇定量检测。并对驾驶员、道路交通管理人员进行深入访谈,探讨酒后驾车的原因。结果　酒后驾车发生道路伤害的危险性是未饮酒驾车的4 13倍(OR =4 13 ,95 %CI 1 .66～10 . 2 8) ,随驾驶员饮酒量增大,发生道路伤害的危险性逐渐增高,呈剂量反应关系(趋势χ2 =9 2 .0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。饮啤酒后6h内驾车发生伤害事故的危险性增高(OR =1 72 ,95 %CI 0. 67～4 .42 )。驾驶员酒后驾车原因多为对饮酒后驾车的危害认识不足。结论　饮酒后驾车是造成机动车道路伤害的危险因素。饮啤酒亦会增加道路伤害发生的危险性。为加强对酒后驾车的预防和控制,必须加强对机动车驾驶员的教育和管理,正确认识饮酒对驾驶安全的危险性。Objective To investigate the association of alcohol drinking in drivers and road motor vehicle injury. Methods A case-control study was conducted during December 2001 to August 2002.Totally,406 case drivers involved in a motor vehicle crash on the road in Huanggu District of Shenyang,Liaoning were recruited,as well as 438 control drivers driving nomally at the same peirod and the same district were recruited,too,on randomly selected time of the day and the day of a week and site of the district.Each driver was interviewed face to face with a highly structured questionnaire covering the information on alcohol drinking(time of drinking kind and quantity of alcohol drunk,interval between drinking and driving,etc).And,information about chronic alcohol use,including frequency of alcohol drinking,kind of alcohol drunk and average quantity of alcohol every time were collected,as well.An in-depth focusd discussion was conducted in drivers and traffic policemen to probe the cause of driving after alcohol drinking. Results Increased risk for road motor vehicle injury associated with driving within six hours after alcohol drinking in drivers(OR=4.13,95% CI 1.66～10.28).And,risk for road motor vehicle injury increased with quantity of alcohol drinking in drivers(χ2 for trend=9.20, P<0.05).Increase in the risk associated with drinking beer only in drivers within six hours before their driving(OR=1.72,95% CI 0.67～4.42).Qualitative study showed that main causes of driving after drinking was the poor perception on the risk of driving after drinking in drivers. Conclusions Alcohol drinking could significantly increase the risk for road motor vehicle injury,especially driving within six hours after alcohol drinking,including beer drinking only.Enforcement of road traffic laws and regulations and education on road safety should be strengthened to improve drivers' perception on the risk of driving after drinking in drivers.

关 键 词：道路伤害 病例对照研究方法 机动车交通事故 酒后驾车 剂量反应关系 机动车驾驶员 2002年 2001年 预防和控制 调查内容 饮酒情况 定量检测 深入访谈 管理人员 道路交通 伤害事故 危险因素 伤害发生 驾驶安全 皇姑区 沈阳市 

分 类 号：U491.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]