青海高原春小麦高产育种的商榷  

A DISCUSSION ON SPRING WHEAT BREEDING FOR HIGH YIELDS ON THE QINGHAI PLATEAU

作　　者：陈集贤[1] 赵绪兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1994年第3期12-18,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：在青海高原生态条件下，通过增加春小麦叶片净光合速率提高同化能力，以大穗大粒增大库的贮积能力，以矮秆配合良好光合性能和大贮积能力提高收获指数，使品种的源、流、库协调发展，达到培育高产品种的目的。The following aspects should be considered in spring wheat breeding for high yields on the Qinghai Plateau.1. Greater assimilative capacity is the basis of high yields in spring wheat. At low and middle yield level, the assimilative capacity of ordinary cultivars was not a limit to the yield; but at high yield level, more assimilative products were needed for high yields. Flag leaf was the main source of photosynthetic products during grain filling. Thus,the flag leaf with high net photosynthetic rate was a high-yielding character of spring wheat cultivars. The peduncle was an important photosynthetic organ, the rate of which was only less than that of flag leaf.2. Storage capacity of ears is the yield potential of spring wheat cultivars, On the basis of a greater quantity of ears per unit, breeding varieties With heavy ears were a main direction for further high yields in spring wheat. Increasing kernels per ear and increasing kernel weight should be coordinated to better realize the increase of ear weight. But at different development stages of wheat production, the emphases of improvement should be different.3. Harvest index is an indicator for rational distribution of photosynthetic products. Cultivars With reasonably short straw, great storage pool and excellent photosynthetic characteristics had high harvest indices.

关 键 词：春小麦 高产 育种 青海高原 

分 类 号：S512.103[农业科学—作物学]