世界政治史研究中的威权主义及其历史定位——以拉丁美洲为例  

On Authoritarianism and Its Historical Position in the Research of the World Political History——A Case Study of Latin America

作　　者：冯秀文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,研究员北京100006

出　　处：《世界历史》2005年第2期27-38,共12页World History

摘　　要：近年来,在世界政治史研究中,威权主义是一个被广泛使用却无统一标准的政治概念。本文以拉丁美洲的威权主义政府为研究对象,论述了威权主义政体产生的社会背景和历史地位,认为威权主义政体一词的使用丰富了国家政治史研究的视野和内涵,使对国家政体形式的认识和定位更加具体和准确。威权政体是介于民主政体和独裁政体之间的、各国在民主制度建立以前经常采取的一种过渡形式,其内涵是通过强制性的政治整合维持秩序和稳定,以达到发展经济、促进社会进步的目的;威权主义同时也应是一个时间概念,它是在近代社会的基础上产生的,可以大体划分为1 9世纪的早期威权政体和2 0世纪以后的现代威权政体。Authoritarianism is a political concept that has been used extensively and has no unified criterion in recent years' research of the world political history. This thesis focuses on authoritarian governments in Latin American, analyzes their social background and historical positions. The article concludes that: this kind of regime was a transition form used before the establishment of a democratic system and it was positioned between democratic and totalitarian regimes. Furthermore, authoritarianism was a timely concept, which emerged on the basis of modern society, and they can be divided into two parts: the early authoritarianism appeared in the later half of the 19th century, and the modern authoritarianism that took place after the 20 th century

关 键 词：政治史 威权主义 拉丁关洲 历史定位 

分 类 号：K77[历史地理—历史学]