植物抗病激活剂诱导植物抗病性的研究进展  

Progress of researches on induced resistance of plant activator

作　　者：范志金[1] 刘秀峰[1] 刘凤丽[1] 鲍丽丽[1] 张永刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学元素有机化学研究所元素有机化学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2005年第1期87-92,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30270883);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2003CB114400);农业部农药化学及农药使用技术重点开放实验室基金

摘　　要：植物抗病激活剂本身及其代谢物无直接的杀菌活性,但可刺激植物的免疫系统而诱导植物产生具有广谱性、持久性和滞后性的系统获得性抗病性能(SAR)。植物抗病激活剂的诱导除了可以引起植物富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白(HRGP)的变化,导致木质素在细胞壁沉积,使植物形成物理防御机制外,经植物抗病激活剂诱导后的植株能导致内源水杨酸(SA)的累积、形成氧化激增,植物局部细胞程序化死亡而产生过敏反应(HR),植物抗病激活剂诱导后产生的抗病信号经内源信号传导物质 SA、茉莉酸(JA)、乙烯(Et)和一氧化氮(NO)可传导到达整个植株,经过一系列抗病相关基因的调控和表达可引起寄主防御酶系如苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)、几丁质酶(chitinase)、过氧化物酶(POX)等以及抗病物质如木质素与植保素等的变化及病程相关蛋白(PRP)的调控与表达。文中讨论了植物抗病激活剂概念和种类及其诱导抗病作用的主导机制,指出了植物抗病激活剂的应用前景和发展方向及使用和研究开发中可能存在的问题与对策。Plant activator (also called elicitor) itself and its metabolites have no fungicide activity in vitro, but they can induce plant immunity system to produce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against a wide spectrum of pathogens persistently.Apart from accumulation of lignin in cell wall by increase of hydroxyproline rich glucoproteins (HRGP) induced by elicitor,increase of endogenesis salicylic acid (SA),oxidative burst, hypersensitive response (HR) caused by programmed local cell death could also be observed in the elicited plants.The persistent SAR against a wide spectrum of pathogens only occurred after the changes of circum- stantial resistant enzymes and substances such as phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL),β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase,peroxidase(POX),lignin and phytoalexins et al.caused by a series of regulation of plant guard gene expression through pathogenesis resistance signaling pathways conducted by endogenesis signaling com- pounds SA,jasmonic acid(JA),ethylene(Et)and nitrogen oxide(NO).In this paper,the conception, characteristics,category and mechanism of the mode of action of plant activator were discussed.The prospects and directions of application and development of plant activator were mentioned.The possible problems and the corresponding methods for settlement were also being put forward.

关 键 词：植物抗病激活剂 植物抗病性 诱导 研究进展 富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白 一氧化氮(NO) 细胞程序化死亡 苯丙氨酸解氨酶 抗病相关基因 3-葡聚糖酶 病程相关蛋白 过氧化物酶 问题与对策 杀菌活性 免疫系统 抗病性能 防御机制 过敏反应 

分 类 号：S432.2[农业科学—植物病理学] S482.99[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]