高温环境对奶牛生理活动及生产性能的影响  

Hot Weather Exercise's Effect on Physiological and Performance of Cow

作　　者：魏学良[1] 张家骅[1] 王豪举[1] 晏梅 孙凤清[1] 杨铭惠[3] 尹思明[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学重庆市牧草与草食家畜重点实验室,重庆北碚400716 [2]重庆市万盛区农业局 [3]重庆市渝北区农业局

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2005年第5期13-15,共3页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部"十五"攻关课题"草业和草食畜牧业生态经济系统建设关键技术研究与示范"(2001BA604A03);三峡移民专项"三峡移民库区奶牛养殖综合配套技术开发"(2003EP090010);重庆市科委"高温高湿地区奶牛繁殖性状研究"课题(2001-6844)。

摘　　要：在2002-2003年对重庆市部分地方奶牛的生理活动、生产性能进行了监测,并对部分奶牛的血液生化指标进行了测定,结果表明:(1)在6-9月奶牛的直肠温度和呼吸频率显著高于3-5月和10-2月(P＜0.05);(2)3-5月和10-2月的日平均泌乳量分别为(23.5±4.2)kg/d(n=31)、(22.1±5.3)kg/d(n=43),均高于6-9月高温时节的(7.6±5.1)g/d(n=52)(P＜0.05),即在热应激期奶牛泌乳性能下降25.6%～33.5%;(3)热应激期的奶牛血清K+、Cl-、iCa+浓度显著升高(p＜0.05),奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白出现下降,碱性磷酸酶活性降低38.96%,α-淀粉酶降低8.52%,而谷丙转氨酶活升高3.47%;(4)在热应激期受胎率下降,繁殖疾病增加.Between 2002 to 2003,we made a test of cow's physiological and performance in part of Chongqing. We also examine the cow's blood. The result showed that:(1) From June to September,the cow's temperature of rectum and rate of respiration are higher than that in March to May or October to February (P<0.05);(2) The daily lactation between March to May and October to February are (23.5±4.2)kg/d(n=31),(22.1±5.3)kg/d(n=43),also higher than (17.6±5.1) kg/d(n=52)(P<0.05)which in June to September. (3)In heat stress, the density of K+,Cl-,iCa 2+ in serum of cows are higher than other times. (P<0.05) .But the proteins in serum of cows are lower, the activity of alkaline phosphatase drop 38.96 percent and the activity of α-anylase drop 8.52 percent, the activity of GTP raise 3.74 percent.(4) In heat stress, the fecundation insemination of cow slower than the other times, but the diseases in heat stress are more .

关 键 词：生产性能 生理活动 奶牛 高温环境 碱性磷酸酶活性 血液生化指标 热应激期 2003年 α-淀粉酶 呼吸频率 直肠温度 泌乳性能 Cl^- 繁殖疾病 牛血清 重庆市 泌乳量 日平均 下降 K^+ 总蛋白 球蛋白 白蛋白 受胎率 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学] Q811.213[农业科学—畜牧兽医]