梨病毒病及无病毒化栽培综述  

The Virus Diseases of Pear and Culture Techniques of Virus-Free Trees

作　　者：刘旭[1] 廖明安[1] 任雅君[1] 吴万波[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学园艺学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2005年第5期351-355,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：概述了中国梨的几种重要病毒病:梨环纹花叶病毒病(PRPMV)、梨脉黄病毒病(PVYV)、榅桲矮化病毒病(QSV)、苹果茎沟病毒病(ASGV)、梨石痘病毒病(PSPV)及其危害性,较全面地介绍了目前梨病毒病的几种检测方法。现在研究认为,以PCR技术和核酸分子杂交技术为基础的分子生物学方法结合较成熟的ELISA检测以及电镜观察能比较准确、快速地检测出中国梨的病毒病;热处理、茎尖培养、微体嫁接、化学制剂处理及其联合应用为梨病毒的脱毒提供了有效途径;并根据梨无毒苗的生长特点提出了梨无病毒化栽培的管理技术。This review briefly summaries the main species and damage of pear virus diseases in China: PRPMV?PVYV?QSV?ASGV?PSPV. The effective detection and elimination techniques of pear viruses are introduced in detail. The researches showed that it would be more accurate and faster to detect the pearviruses by using the methods of ELISA detection, electron microscope observation and molecular biologybasing on PCR and nucleic acid molecule hybridization techniques. Applying thermotherapy, meristem culture, micropropagation and chemical preparation may provide effective ways for eliminating the pear virus diseases. At last the significant culture techniques were suggested basing on the growth characteristics of pear trees without viruses as well.

关 键 词：无病毒化栽培 ELISA检测 分子生物学方法 综述 分子杂交技术 花叶病毒病 PCR技术 检测方法 电镜观察 茎尖培养 化学制剂 管理技术 生长特点 中国梨 危害性 热处理 无毒苗 矮化 苹果 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学] S858.28[农业科学—园艺学]