利用GPS和云图资料监测北京地区中小尺度降水的研究  

Test on Monitoring Meso-and Micro-Scale Precipitationin Beijing Using GPS Data and Satellite Image

作　　者：曹云昌[1] 方宗义[1] 李成才[2] 王迎春[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]北京大学地球物理系,北京100871 [3]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《高原气象》2005年第1期91-96,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(19833030);总装备部卫星应用项目(D99 19)共同资助

摘　　要：地基GPS遥感大气总水汽量提供了高时间分辨率的水汽资料, 为分析预报中小尺度系统的变化创造了条件。本文利用北京GPS/VAPOR试验反演了北京2000年6~8 月的大气总水汽量(又称大气可降水量或积分水汽), 分析了北京夏季大气总水汽量的分布特征; 结合气象和云图资料, 对 7 月 3~5日的一次暴雨过程进行了分析, 结果表明: GPS大气总水汽量和云的发展及维持是强降水产生的条件, 降水量的大小与大气可降水量的增加幅度、维持时间和水平有关, 面上的大气可降水量的变化和红外云图资料显示的中小尺度系统的变化是一致的。面上大气可降水量的移动与测站降水关系密切, 当测站大气可降水量迅速增加, 并且面上分布的大气可降水量也同样向测站扩展时, 台站的降水也迅速增加。GPS大气可降水量可作为台站短期降水预报的一个指标。The precipitable water (PW) of high temporal resolution obtained by ground-based GPS remote sensing provides a way for analying and forecasting the evolution of mesoscale and microscale systems. Using the PW data in Beijing in June^August 2000 retrieved GPS/VAPOR Experiment, combining GMS5 images with T106 analysis data, the distribution of PW in Beijing summer and heavy rain storm cases in July 3~5 are studied. The results showed that GPS PW changes and the development and maintenance of cloud are to produce the condition of severe precipitation. the more and less precipitation is related to their increasing amplitude, duration and sustained level. The change of PW is identical with IR cloud image displying the change of meso-and micro-scale systems. The moving of PW is closely related to the precipitation of observational station. When the precipitation of observational station quickly increase and the distribution of PW synchronously extend to the observational station, the precipitation of station quickly increase as well. GPS PW is regarded as an index of short-range precipitation prediction at station.

关 键 词：北京地区 大气可降水量 中小尺度系统 监测 高时间分辨率 地基GPS 2000年 水汽量 分析预报 分布特征 暴雨过程 维持时间 红外云图 降水关系 降水预报 测站 台站 反演 气象 

分 类 号：P426.61[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458.121.1