中国北方4月沙尘暴与西风环流的关系  

Relationship between Sand-Dust Storm in NorthernChina in April and Westerly Circulation

作　　者：钟海玲[1] 李栋梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2005年第1期104-111,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家973项目"中国北方沙漠化过程及其防治研究"(GT2000048705);国家科技部社会公益研究专项课题"西北干旱区沙尘暴预警;服务系统研究"(2001科技部类-08)共同资助

摘　　要：选用中国185个气象站建站～2000年历年各月沙尘暴日数资料,分析了近40年来中国北方4月沙尘暴的气候特征及其对西风环流异常的响应,并对4月多、少沙尘暴年的前期和同期大气环流特征进行了对比分析.结果表明:我国北方4月沙尘暴日数在全区域空间尺度上具有较好的一致性,在区域尺度上存在东西反位相差异.沙尘暴总体在减少.多沙尘暴年,欧亚大气环流的经向度加大,我国北方高空纬向西风位置偏南、强度偏强;少沙尘暴年,大气环流的经向度减小,高空纬向西风位置偏北、强度偏弱.进一步研究发现,前一个月的流场特征及高空纬向风分量可作为预报下一个月沙尘暴日数的指标.Data of monthly sand-dust storm days at 185 meteorology observation stations, China from their foundation of station to 2000were selected, the climatic characteristics of sand-dust storm in Northern China in April in recent 40 years and its response to the abnormal of westerly circulation were analyzed.The characteristics of general circulation in spring and the months preceding inmore and less sand-duststorm years are compared. The results show that according to the EOF analyses, there exist the in phase pattern in the entire region and out-of-phase pattern in east-and west-parts of the region for the spatial distribution of the sand-dust storm day variation. The total trend of sand-dust storm daysin Northern China is decreasing in recent 40 years. In more sand-dust storm years, the meridionality of Eurasian general circulation is stronger, the location of Eurasian general circulation is stronger, the location of zonal wind over high altitude in Northern China is north-toward and its intensity is weaker, and vice versa. The farther researches indicate that the characteristics of general circulation and zonal wind component of high altitude in last month is regarded as the indicator to forecast the days of sand-dust storm in the next month.

关 键 词：中国北方 沙尘暴 大气环流 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]