棉田抗雹灾多熟种植模式及其综合效益分析  

Study on the Cotton Field Multiple Cropping Model and Its Comprehensive Effect Resistant to Hail Calamity

作　　者：徐文修[1] 杨媛媛[1] 张巨松[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2005年第3期160-164,共5页Cotton Science

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关计划重大项目<棉田用养地制度和有机棉标准化生产技术研究>部分研究工作

摘　　要：2002—2003年在阿克苏地区阿瓦提县构建出一种“冬小麦||菠菜/棉花—大豆(或西瓜)”多熟种植模式。结果表明,该种植模式综合效益明显高于小麦复种和单作棉花受灾后补救的效益。平均年光能利用率达0.54%,比大田单作棉花光能利用率提高了184.2%;且可利用日照时数、可利用太阳辐射量、可利用生理辐射量均比大田单作棉田提高71.6%以上;生长期利用率比大田单作棉田提高了71.3%。在棉田受到较严重的冰雹灾害情况下,年平均总产值18998.7元·hm2,不仅高于未受雹灾的单作棉田12.5%,比受灾单作棉田高145.9%,平均纯收入为7632.3元·hm2,虽然比未受灾单作棉田的纯收入低20.2%,但远远高于受雹灾的单作棉田以及受灾严重又复播玉米田的纯收入,平均增收8144元·hm2。Hail is one of the main natural calamities in Xinjiang. Although the artificial method is used for removing and abating disaster loss caused by hail at present, this means can not be valid completely. Hail results in tremendous economy decrease of crop land each year, specially in Southern Xinjiang's cotton fields. The period of hail happening high frequency is through May to August in Southern Xinjiang. At this period, cotton has been gotten into the middle growth stage,cotton buds and bolls have emerged. Once cotton field suffers disaster by hail, the yield of cotton decreased or cotton field is completely ruined. Hence, this study started with multiple cropping models in cotton field; aims at the present situation of low stress resistance ability of single cropping model. The new multiple cropping model is the ‘winter wheat || spinach /cotton—soybean(or water melon)’. The results showed that it could use the light and heat quantity in high effect, increase the comprehensive benefit. The year-round light utilization ratio of the model attained 0.54%, which lifts 184.2% more than that of single cropping of cotton. Moreover, the utilization ratios of climate resources,such as solar radiation, sunshine figure and so on, all lift over 71.6% compared with the single cropping of cotton. The utilization ratio of growing period is up to 137% and lifts 71.3% compared with ordinary cotton. Being suffered serious hail calamity, the pattern still got total output value 18998.7 yuan per hectre. It was not only raised by 12.5% compared with regular single cropping cotton, but also 145.9% higher than single cropping suffered disaster caused by hail. Although the mean net income of this pattern is 20.2% lower than cotton fields which were not suffered hail calamity, it is more than cotton field of single cropping and sewing again the corn cropland which are suffered hail far away. At the same time,the net income of the model was increased by 29.8% over the model “wheat—corn”. Keywords:c

关 键 词：种植模式 综合效益分析 棉田 多熟 2002-2003年 光能利用率 阿克苏地区 太阳辐射量 纯收入 阿瓦提县 日照时数 冰雹灾害 单作 棉花 冬小麦 大田 生长期 总产值 年平均 受灾 玉米田 西瓜 大豆 菠菜 补救 灾后 复种 生理 

分 类 号：S427[农业科学—植物保护]