孢子花粉与植物大化石:地质记录的差异及其古植物学意义  

SPORES AND POLLEN VS PLANT MEGAFOSSILS: DISCREPANCY OF GEOLOGICAL RECORDS AND THEIR PALAEOBOTANICAL SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：朱怀诚[1] 欧阳舒[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所

出　　处：《古生物学报》2005年第2期161-174,共14页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No. 40321202);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2 SW 130);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000077700);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室资助

摘　　要：分散孢粉与植物大化石地质记录的不一致是常见现象,基本上是受孢粉的高产量及其外壁的较强抗腐蚀性,以及沉积环境的影响所致。主要根据我国古、中生代孢粉及植物化石资料,举例说明其地质记录的差异和其导致的不同解析和结论,及其古植物学意义。涉及的问题包括:1.新疆北部石炭二叠纪和塔里木盆地二叠纪的植物区系性质,2.我国古、中生代的主要成煤植物,3.古植代/中植代界线和植物在二叠纪末有无群体灭绝,4.某些植物类群的最早化石记录或起源,5.某些地层的地质时代问题。本文对此等问题提出的与古植物学家不甚一致的结论,如塔里木自早二叠世已属亚安加拉区,我国古、中生代主要成煤植物是真蕨类尤其是树蕨,而非鳞木类、科达类,或中生代裸子植物;如果将盾籽类作为中植代植物,则古植代/中植代界线在亚安加拉区要下降到Bashkirian之内或Bashkirian Moscovian之交,等等,是否正确,有待检验。Comparison of some palynological and palaeobotanical data mainly related to Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic strata of China reveals that the discrepancy of their geological records is a phenomenon rather common than essentially harmonious as expected. This kind of discrepancy largely stems in the difference of chemical composition between spore exine and cell wall of other plant organs as well as the high production of spores and pollen (e.g., for a single plant, grains of spores or pollen versus the number of leaves or pinna). Other factors, such as the transportation, allochthonous or autochthonous burial, sedimentary environment (pH, and Eh, etc. included), lithology, plant ecology and preservation modes, also have influence on this discrepancy. The discrepancy has led to different interpretations on some significant problems in palaeobotany and geochronology such as (1) phytoprovincialism of Northern Xinjiang and the Tarim Basin, (2) Latest Carboniferous-Permian and Mesozoic coal-forming plants in China, (3) Palaeophyte/Mesophyte boundary and the so called plant mass extinction at the end of Permian, (4) the earliest record of some plant groups (vascular-, heterosporous-, coniferous-, and angiospermous-plants), and (5) geological dating of some terrestrial or facies-transitional formations (the Qubu Fm. in S. Tibet, Kayitou Fm. in E. Yunnan and W. Guizhou, Taliqik Fm. in Tarim, and Yixian Fm. in W. Liaoning). Somewhat different from or in contrast to those interpretations based on plant megafossils, the relevant conclusions drawn from the palynological data are as follows: (1) Northern Xinjiang had belonged to the Subangara area since the early Late Carboniferous (early Bashkirian) to Permian, whereas the Tarim Basin became part of the Subangara area during the Early Permian. (2) Tree ferns (e.g. Psaronius) rather than arborescent lycopods were the major peat-formers of the Chinese latest Carboniferous and Permian coals, in importance order the rest contributors are other ferns and pteridosperms, articulates (sp

关 键 词：地质记录 古植物学 大化石 孢子花粉 成煤植物 塔里木盆地 石炭二叠纪 中生代 抗腐蚀性 沉积环境 化石资料 区系性质 新疆北部 二叠纪末 化石记录 植物类群 地质时代 植物学家 早二叠世 裸子植物 孢粉 高产量 界线 灭绝 

分 类 号：Q914.2[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]