硫脲、GA_3打破不同需冷量观赏桃花品种自然休眠的效果研究  

Effect of Thiourea and GA_3 on Endo-dormancy Breaking of Ornamental Peach Cultivars Having Different Chill Requirements

作　　者：江雪飞[1] 乔飞[1] 邹志荣[1] 王力荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2005年第5期1017-1021,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"863高科技项目(2001AA247041)

摘　　要：利用硫脲、赤霉素(GA3)的不同浓度、不同时期以观赏桃花品种'迎春'、'满天红'、'菊花桃'为材料,进行打破自然休眠的研究。结果表明:(1)在不同时期化学药剂处理有不同的破眠效果,最佳处理时期为低温累积量达到该品种需冷量的50%～60%时为最好。即'迎春'在低温累积量达200～250h左右处理破眠效果最好;'满天红'在低温累积量达450h时处理效果最好;'菊花桃'则只在需冷量累积达600～750h时处理有实用价值。(2)使用硫脲、GA3在一定程度上能够打破观赏桃花自然休眠,部分代替观赏桃花的需冷量,而且效果因品种而异。具体表现为:硫脲、GA3对打破中、长需冷量观赏桃品种'满天红'、'菊花桃'的自然休眠更有效,对短需冷量品种'迎春'的效果甚微。(3)硫脲、GA3处理并结合设施栽培技术管理体系,可以达到提前花期的目的,使中长需冷量(600～1000h)的观赏桃花品种也能在春节期间供应市场。The experiment was carried out to study the endo-dormancy-breaking effects of thiourea and GA_3 at different concentrations on ornamental peach cultivars,'Yingchun','Mantianhong' and 'Juhuatao',at different growth stages.The result showed that: (1) The treatments of the chemicals at different growth stages had different dormancy-breaking effects the best of which appeared when the peach cultivars had obtained 50%~60% of their chill requirements,i.e.,the best dormancy-breaking effects for 'Yingchun','Mantianhong' and 'Juhuatao' appeared when low temperature lasted for 200~250 hours,about 450 hours and 600~750 hours,respectively.(2) thiourea and GA_3 could break the endo-domancy of ornamental peach,thereby partially substituting for its chill requirements but their performances varied depending upon ornamental peach cultivars.This was demonstrated by the fact that GA_3 could effectively break the endo-dormancy of 'Mantianhong' and 'Juhuatao' having medium and long chill requirements but had little dormancy-breaking effects on 'Yingchun' having a short chill requirement.(3) thourea and GA_3 in combination with the practices for protected framing,could realize early flowering so that the ornamental peach cultivars having medium and long chill requirements would be ready for marketing during the spring festival of China.

关 键 词：观赏桃花 硫脲 GA3 打破休眠 花期调控 

分 类 号：Q945.35[生物学—植物学]