陕西黄土区不同施肥条件下农田土壤动物的群落组成和结构  

Variation of soil fauna under different fertilizer treatments in loess soil croplands, Shaanxi Province

作　　者：林英华[1] 杨学云[2] 张夫道[3] 古巧珍[2] 孙本华[2] 马路军[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态与环境保护研究所,北京100091 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国农业科学院土壤和肥料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生物多样性》2005年第3期188-196,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金"中国土壤生物演化及安全预警系统研究"(编号2000-177)资助

摘　　要：为探明长期施肥与土壤动物群落之间的关系,于2001年6月至2002年10月,在陕西黄土区对不同施肥条件下的农田土壤动物类群的群落组成和结构进行了研究。在6种不同施肥处理的小区内,即对照组(不施肥,简称CK)、撂荒(不施肥、不耕作、不种植,简称ABAND)、施氮磷钾(简称NPK)、施氮磷钾+秸秆(简称SNPK)、施氮磷钾+有机肥(简称MNPK)和施1.5倍MNPK(简称1.5MNPK),两年4次共采集了72个定点土壤样品。采用手捡法和Cobb过筛法共获得农田土壤动物标本5495个,隶属6门11纲22目61科2亚科35属。结果显示:6种施肥处理中,大型农田土壤动物的个体总数从多到少依次为SNPK>1.5MNPK>NPK>ABAND>MNPK>CK,类群数依次是1.5MNPK>NPK>SNPK>CK>ABAND=MNPK。中小型农田土壤动物个体总数由多到少依次为1.5MNPK>MNPK>ABAND>SNPK>NPK>CK,类群数依次是SNPK=MNPK>CK=NPK=1.5MNPK>ABAND。大型农田土壤动物个体数和类群数分布最多的分别是SNPK和1.5MNPK处理,而中小型农田土壤动物则分别是1.5MNPK和SNPK处理。表明农田土壤动物类群分布与施肥处理有关。农田土壤动物优势类群分布以施氮磷钾(NPK)小区最多,常见类群以对照组(CK)最多,极稀有类群以施1.5倍MNPK小区最多。群落相似性指数分析结果表明,在不同施肥处理之间,农田土壤动物的相似性系数一般?From June 2001 to October 2002, we investigated soil fauna in the loess soil croplands of Shaanxi Province under different fertilizer treatments. Based on a long-term fertilization experiment, we studied the effects of six types of treatments on soil fauna, including non-fertilizer (CK), abandonment (ABAND), N, P and K fertilizer combined (NPK), straw and NPK combined (SNPK), organic material and NPK combined(MNPK), and 1.5 times of MNPK(1.5MNPK). Seventy-two soil samples were collected and 5495 soil fauna individuals were obtained by hand-sorting and the Cobb methods, belonging to 6 phyla, 11 classes, 22 orders, 61 families, 2 subfamilies, and 35 genera. The result showed that the number of individu- als and groups of soil macrofauna reached their peaks in 1.5MNPK and SNPK treatment,respectively, while mesofauna peaked in SNPK and microfauna in 1.5MNPK treatments. Of the six treatments, the largest abundance of the dominant faunal group occurred in the NPK plot, the largest abundance of the most com- mon groups was in the CK plot, and the largest abundance of rare groups was found in the 1.5MNPK plot. Similarity coefficients were generally low among the soil fauna in the six treatments, especially that of the macrofauna between ABAND and other treatments, and that of mesofauna and microfauna between non-fertilizer treatment and other treatments. The results indicate that the soil fauna community was affected by different fertilizers.

关 键 词：群落组成 施肥条件 黄土区 结构 陕西 土壤动物群落 2002年10月 施肥处理 2001年6月 相似性指数 土壤生态系统 农田土壤 类群分布 相似性系数 氮磷钾 长期施肥 动物类群 土壤样品 动物标本 分析结果 内部环境 小区 对照 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]