佛山市儿童哮喘患病率调查  

Survey on prevalence rate of asthma in children in Foshan city.

作　　者：岑赛宁[1] 龚研宁[1] 魏光群[2] 吴清[1] 陈锦莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]佛山市妇幼保健院,广东佛山528000 [2]佛山职工医学院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2005年第3期219-221,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：广东省2001年医学科研资金项目(A2001704)

摘　　要：【目的】　调查2000年佛山市儿童哮喘患病现状,探讨儿童哮喘发病的相关因素,为本地区儿童哮喘防治提供依据。　【方法】　采用整群抽样调查方法,抽取了佛山市有代表性的5 个地段共10 047 名15 岁以下儿童作为对象,采用问卷方法现场调查。　【结果】　全市儿童哮喘患病率为2.04%,男女比例为2.15∶1,首次发病年龄<4岁者占75.8%。陶瓷工业重点区发病率居全市首位,市区发病率明显高于市郊(χ2 =9.76,P<0.05)。相关因素显示:21.46%有婴儿湿疹史,24.88% 有过敏性鼻炎史,一、二级亲属有哮喘或过敏者占20%以上。诱发因素经多元逐步回归分析提示:呼吸道感染为主要诱因,其次为劳累、运动后、气味、天气变化,发病季节多在冬、春季。使用抗生素和全身激素比率仍较高,分别占94.15%和65.85%,而规范使用吸入型皮质激素比率只占41.95%。　【结论】　佛山市儿童哮喘患病率为2.04%,略高于全国平均水平,生活环境污染是儿童哮喘的重要诱发因素之一。对哮喘患儿应进行规范化治疗的健康教育。【Objective】To investigate the prevalence rate of children with asthma in Foshan city in 2000, to explore the determinants coexisting with asthma in children, and to provide the scientific basis for local prevention of asthma in children. With stratified random cluster sampling, 5 sections with 10 047 children under 15 years were the subjects. The prevalence of asthma in children under 15 years was 2.04%. Male-to-female ratio was 2.15∶1. The prevalence rate in urban area was higher than that in rural area, and the highest prevalence rate was in ceramic industry area (χ 2=9.76, P <0.05). Determinants coexisting with asthma in children were history with eczema (21.46%),history with allergic rhinitis (24.88%),and first or second level relatives with asthma or allergic disorder (>20%). Precipitating factors by linear stepwise regressionare:respiratory tract infection was main inducement , the next in order for weariness from overwork, after the sport, air pollution , weather changes,and seasons (winter and spring). The rate of treatment with antibiotics and oral corticosteroid was still high (94.15% and 65.85%), but that with corticosteroid inhaler regularly was only 41.95%. [Conclusions] The prevalence rate of asthma in children in Foshan city is higher than that in whole country. The environment pollution is a main precipitating factor for asthma in children. The health education of the routine for prevention and treatment of asthma in children should be wildly carried out.

关 键 词：哮喘 儿童 患病率 决定因素 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科]