南海夏季风爆发与热带海洋海温和大气环流异常变化关系的研究  

A Study on the Relationships between the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon and the Anomalies of Tropical Ocean and Atmospheric Circulations

作　　者：陈永利[1] 白学志[1] 赵永平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2000年第4期388-399,共12页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：中国科学院重大项目"南海夏季风活动及其影响的综合研究";国家科技部攀登项目A"南海季风试验研究" 共同资助

摘　　要：用合成和相关分析方法及ＳＶＤ技术研究了南海夏季风爆发早、晚年份４～６月季风建立时期季风环流的异常及其与热带太平洋－印度洋海温的关系。结果表明，南海夏季风爆发与热带大气环流和海温变异密切相关。（１）当热带中、东太平洋－印度洋（主要在西南部）及南海海温低（高），西太平洋－澳洲邻近海域海温高（低）时，南海夏季风爆发早（晚）。不同区域海温对季风的影响有明显的季节差异，印度洋主要为晚春至初夏（４～６月），南海为５～６月，而热带太平洋从前冬一直持续到夏季。（２）不同的海温异常产生不同的季风环流型，南海夏季风爆发早、晚年大气环流的异常变化基本相反。南海夏季风的活动主要受印度季风环流变化的影响，与前期冬春季西太副高的强弱及位置变化密切相关。西太副高弱时，南海夏季风爆发早；反之，爆发晚。（３）热带太平洋－印度洋海温异常引起季风环流和Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的异常变化可能是影响南海夏季风爆发早、晚的物理过程。By using composite, correlate analysis and SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) technique, the relationships among the onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon (SCSM), its associ- ated circulation anomalies from April to June and SST anomalies in the tropical Indian-Pacific Ocean were investigated. The results indicate the impacts of SST anomalies in the tropical Indian -Pacific Ocean on the onset of SCSM and its associated monsoon circulation anomalies are significant. The onset of SCSM is early (late) when SST anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean (mainly in the southwestern region) and South China Sea are negative (positive), while SST anomalies in the western Pacific Ocean and Australia's adjacent seas are positive (negative). SST anom- alies in different regions of the ocean influence the monsoon in different time: the indian Ocean is from April to June, South China Sea is May-June, while the influence of the tropical Pacific Ocean can per- sist from the last winter to this summer. Different SST anomalies can induce different monsoon circulation regimes; circulation anomalies in early or late SCSM are basically reverse. A close relationship exists between SCSM and the activities of the western Pacific subtropical high in previous winter and spring: when the western Pacific subtropical high is weak (strong), the onset of SCSM is early (late). Monsoon circulation and Walker circulation anomalies induced by SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean maybe play an important role in influencing SCSM in terms of its onset time.

关 键 词：南海夏季风爆发 大气环流异常 变化关系 热带海洋 WALKER环流 热带太平洋 相关分析方法 热带大气环流 季风环流 海温异常 异常变化 SVD技术 印度洋 东太平洋 邻近海域 西太平洋 季节差异 位置变化 环流变化 印度季风 物理过程 

分 类 号：P425.4.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P434