清代正史日食记录初探  

Official Records of Solar Eclipse in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：马莉萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心

出　　处：《时间频率学报》2004年第2期146-160,共15页Journal of Time and Frequency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金支持(19973012)

摘　　要：通过对清代正史日食记录的全面复算,对清代正史日食记录作了分析和讨论。根据前人和我们的分析,《清史稿》、《清实录》、《清朝文献通考》等正史里的日食史料来自日食预报,清朝正史中的日食记录包括了清代发生的日食的绝大多数;从1735年开始至清末,清代日食预报的时刻精度比之前提高了5分钟左右,得益于《历象考成后编》的编纂;《历象考成》、《历象考成后编》、《仪象考成》的编纂是清代日食预报中太阳所在宿度精度提高的主要原因;《西洋新法历书》的计算方法中日食方位是按太阳的地平方位来定位的,而《历象考成》和《历象考成后编》则自日面顶点计算日食方位。《历象考成后编》中日食方位的计算方法比《西洋新法历书》的方法有了极大改进。Through overall computation with the modern method,the official records of solar eclipse in the Qing Dynasty are analysed and discussed.The solar eclipse data recorded in Qingshigao,Qingshilu and Qingchao Wenxian Tongkao are thought to be the predicted ones based on the analyses conducted by the senior and the author.The majority of the solar eclipses took place in the Qing Dynasty are included in the official records of solar eclipse.The predicted time for the solar eclipses took place in the period from 1735 through the end of the Qing Dynasty got improved by～5 minutes,which benefited from Lixiang Kaocheng Houbian.For the Qing Dynasty the precision of the predicted position of the sun,that is relative to the constellation,got improved too,that is mainly owing to the compilation of Lixiang Kaocheng, Lixiang Kaocheng Houbian and Yixiang Kaocheng.In Xiyang Xinfa Lishu,the azimuth for solar eclipse is described according to the horizonal azimuth of the sun.However,in Lixiang Kaocheng and Lixiang Kaocheng Houbian, the azimuth for solar eclipse is determined starting from the apex of the solar disk.The computing method for the azimuth of solar eclipse in Lixiang kaocheng Houbian is much better than that in Xiyang Xinfa Lishu.

关 键 词：天文学史 日食 清代 正史 

分 类 号：P125.11[天文地球—天体测量]