克林顿总统时期美国对华政策形成的特点——以总统、国会在对华贸易最惠国待遇问题上的争论为例  

Analyzing the Characteristics of Formulating U.S. China Policy during Clinton’s Administration —— Taking the Debates Between President and Congress on MFN to China as an Example

作　　者：孙君健[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学组织部,河南开封475001

出　　处：《史学月刊》2005年第6期64-68,共5页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：通过对克林顿时期总统与国会围绕是否给予中国贸易最惠国待遇问题的争论的历史考察,可以发现在这一时期美国对华政策形成具有如下特点第一,从行政与立法机构之间关系的角度来看,关键时刻总统和国会两院在事关国家利益的重大问题上最终总能达成共识;第二,从行政和国会与两党之间及两党相互之间关系的角度来看,对经济问题的考虑是它们的共同点,也是美国对华政策的重点,美国对华政策中的政治利益往往通过经济手段来实现;第三,从政策实现的途径来分析,总统靠游说国会和呼吁公众支持来实现自己的政策,国会则靠立法来体现其主张,而且国会在大多时候采取主动出击的方式,而总统则在多数时候保持反应式的决策模式。Through observing the debates on whether U.S. should give China MFN or not between President and Congress during Clinton’s administration, we may find out the following characteristics of formulating American China Policy in this period. Firstly, from the angle of the relationship between the executive and legislative, President and Congress could finally reach an agreement on the vital issues concerning national interests in the critical time. Secondly, from the angle of President, Congress, Two Parties and their mutual relationship, the consideration of economic issues is their common point and also the key point in its China Policy. The political interests in American China Policy are usually realized by economical means. Thirdly, from the approaches of policy realization, President realizes his policy by lobbying Congress and appealing to the public for support. Congress reflects its ideas by making laws. In most occasions Congress takes initiatives and President keeps reactive decision-making model.

关 键 词：克林顿总统 美国国会 贸易最惠国 永久性正常贸易关系 对华政策 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]