不同土壤水分对玉米光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Water Content on the Photosynthetic Character and Pod Yields of Summer Maize

作　　者：葛体达[1] 隋方功[1] 白莉萍[2] 吕银燕[1] 周广胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院农学系,莱阳265200 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2005年第2期143-147,共5页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目资助(项目编号:G1999043407)

摘　　要：利用大型活动式防雨旱棚,人工控制土壤含水量,研究全生育期不同土壤水分对夏玉米光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:水分胁迫下,夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量、光合面积、光合速率、蒸腾速率减少,引起果穗性状恶化,导致经济产量大幅下降。造成减产的主要原因是每穗粒数的减少和百粒重的下降。严重水分胁迫可使收获期玉米籽粒、苞叶、穗轴、花丝含水量较充分供水约高20%～60%,从而导致玉米成熟期推迟。Using large moving water proof installations, controlling soil wa te r content strictly, a systematic study was conducted to effect of water stress o n the photosynthetic character and pod yields of summer maize during the growing period. The results showed that :under water deficit, chlorophyll content of su mmer maize leaves、 photosynthetic area、 photosynthetic rate、 transpiration r ate decreased, which would deteriorate its ear characteristics and decreased si gnificantly the economic yields of maize. The factors that caused reduction of yields were mainly the decrease of ear kernel number and 100- kernel weight. S evere water stress would enhance the water content of grain, grain axes, bract , filigree about 20% ～ 60% compared to the treatment of full- water supply,a nd resulted in the postponement of its maturation.

关 键 词：光合特性 叶片叶绿素含量 水分胁迫 土壤含水量 人工控制 全生育期 光合速率 蒸腾速率 果穗性状 经济产量 每穗粒数 玉米籽粒 充分供水 夏玉米 活动式 百粒重 收获期 成熟期 下降 减产 穗轴 花丝 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S652.904.7