中国肾综合征出血热不同年代不同地区流行季节分布特点  

Characteristics of the Distribution of Epidemic Season of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Different Regions and Different Years in China

作　　者：陈化新[1] 丘福禧[1] 赵秀芹[1] 罗成旺[1] 李晓青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》1994年第3期197-203,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

摘　　要：根据中国各省（区、市）防疫站历年的疫情资料，按年代月别对肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）疫情进行了综合分析。结果表明，５０～７０年代ＨＦＲＳ季节分布特点均以冬季为高峰，４月份发病较少，６月份发病稍多；而８０～９０年代则发生较大的改变，虽然发病高峰季节仍出现在冬季，但３、４、５月份发病亦较多。根据目前对本病疫区类型研究的初步结果认为，中国８０年代前主要是姬鼠型ＨＦＲＳ流行，进入８０年代以来又出现了家鼠型ＨＦＲＳ的流行。为了进一步确定不同地区流行季节分布特点，又将各省、自治区和直辖市１９８０～１９９２年的疫情资料逐月进行了综合分析。结果显示，从流行季节可区分出３种类型地区，即：以发病高峰在冬季和６、７月发病稍多为第１类地区；以发病高峰在３～５月为第２类地区；以发病高峰在冬季和３～５月发病较多为第３类地区。第１类地区主要分布在东北和西北地区的东南和西南地区的东北部；第２类地区主要分布在华北地区的东南和华东地区的南部、中南地区南部和西南地区的东南部；第３类地区主要分布在华东区和中南地区。综合看来，这３类地区的地理分布基本上与３种类型疫区分布（１类为姬鼠型疫区、２类为家鼠型疫区、３类为混合型疫区）相吻合。因此，本文不仅可供?In order to provide important reference for typing the natural nidi and epidemic areas and for formulating the strategy of prevention and control of HFRS, a comprehensive analysis on the characteristics of the epidemic season of HFRS in different regions and different years in China basing on the data of epidemic reports from various provincial, autonomous regional and municipal hygiene and epidemic prevention stations was conducted. The monthly analysis of registered cases made in different years showed that HFRS cases reached the peak in winter, became lesser in April and relatively more in June from 1950s to 1970s; whereas greater changes occurred from 1980s to 1990s, though with the peak still in winter, yet with relatively more cases in March-May. Apodemus-type HFRS was mainly prevalent prior to 1970s while Rattus-type HFRS appeared in epidemics since 1980s. Monthly analysis made in different regions from 1980 to 1992 revealed that 3 types of endemicity were present in respect of the epidemic season. The first was characterized by the peak in winter and relatively more cases in June and July, the second was characterized by the peak in March-May, the third was characterized by the peak in winter and relatively more cases in March-May. The first type was mainly distributed in Northeast China, the southwest part of Northwest China and the northeast part of Southwest China, the second type was chiefly distributed in the southeast part of North China, the south part of East China, the south part of South Central China and the southeast part of Southwest China, the third type was mainly distributed in East China and South Central China.

关 键 词：肾病综合征 出血热 流行病学 流行季节 

分 类 号：R512.801[医药卫生—内科学]