水土保持对偏关河径流和泥沙的影响分析  

Effect of soil and water conservation on runoff and sediment in Pianguan River

作　　者：王飞[1] 穆兴民[1] 张晓萍[1] 李锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院,水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2005年第2期10-14,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新方向项目"黄土高原水土保持的区域环境效应研究"(KZCX3SW421);中澳合作项目"植被恢复对区域水资源影响评价研究"(ACIARProject;LWR1/2002/018);欧盟项目"农业生态系统管理与城乡可持续发展"(SUSDEVCHINA;ICA4200110182);中国科学院水利部水

摘　　要：偏关河流域水土保持面积从1959年的1万1593hm2增加到1996年的5万5338hm2,占流域面积的28.90%。年径流量、常水径流量与年份和各类水土保持措施之间,均呈极显著负相关,年径流量与年降水量、汛期降水量和有效降水量,均呈显著正相关,而常水流量与年降水量、汛期降水量和有效降水量关系很弱;偏关河流域小型蒸发器测定的蒸发量与年份呈显著负相关,但径流和泥沙变化并没有增加,说明水土保持是引起径流量和泥沙量变化的主要原因。洪水径流量、年输沙量和洪水输沙量变化一致,与年降水量、汛期降水量和有效降水量均呈显著正相关,而与水土保持措施面积呈不显著的负相关。Soil and water conservation is a significant measure to regulate runoff and sediment. The area of soil and water conservation increased from 11?593?hm^2 in 1959 to 55?338?hm^2 in 1996, accounting for 28.90% of the whole area. The annual runoff amount and constant runoff amount have significantly negative correlation with year and all soil and water conservation measures. The relationships between annual runoff amount and annual precipitation, precipitation in flood period (during May to September) and effective precipitation (daily amount more than 10?mm) are very significantly positive, but the relation of constant runoff amount with annual precipitation, precipitation in flood period and effective precipitation are weak. The water surface evaporation in Pianguan River basin decreased annually, but the trends of runoff and sediment were not increased because of the soil and water conservation. Annual runoff, runoff and sediment in flood period varied in the same trend that they have positive relationship with annual precipitation, precipitation in flood period and effective precipitation, but negative with areas of soil and water conservation measures.

关 键 词：水土保持措施 有效降水量 汛期降水量 年降水量 年径流量 1996年 小型蒸发器 负相关 流域面积 泥沙变化 年输沙量 河流域 正相关 水流量 蒸发量 量变 洪水 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] P426.616[农业科学—农业基础科学]