夏季舍饲散养环境下三个发育期小尾寒羊的行为差异  

Behavioral Differences of the Chinese Little Fat-tailed Sheep in Three Growth Phases in the Loose Housing System in Summer

作　　者：臧强[1] 赵亚军[2] 李保明[1] 施正香[1] 韩晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业建筑与环境工程系,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学农业部设施农业生物环境工程重点开放实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第3期279-286,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：教育部高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目(2001187);科技部重大技术标准专题子专题资助项目(2002BA906A17-01)

摘　　要：为提高规模化舍饲养羊系统中舍内环境和动物福利水平,有必要建立动物行为量化指标体系作为一种良好操作性的反馈评价工具.2003年夏季,在内蒙古赤峰市郊区一个规模化舍饲养羊场,对小尾寒羊3个生理发育期(羔羊、怀孕母羊和哺乳母羊)的个体行为作了连续观察和记录.结果表明:(1)小尾寒羊个体行为谱主要由饮食、反刍、休息和运动4种行为构成,各占总观察时间的29.18%、28.37%、31.51%和10.21%,而其他行为合计时间仅占0.71%.3个发育期小尾寒羊饮食、反刍、休息和运动的持续时间均有极显著差异(Kruskal-Wallis H tests,P<0.001).(2)3个发育期小尾寒羊反刍和休息时有躺卧和站立两种姿势,选择躺卧姿势的时间显著多于站立姿势(Wilcoxon test, P<0.001).(3)怀孕母羊在一天中温度明显变化(21～23、25～27、29～31 ℃)时,选择躺卧行为的比例分别是31.03%、75.00%、97.13%,三者差异显著(Friedman test,P<0.05).(4) 日温在27～31 ℃(12:00～17:00)时,怀孕母羊在通风较好、且无室外阳光照射的区域躺卧的比例从66%上升到83%,选择其他区域躺卧的比例从31%下降到14%,两个区域躺卧个体数差异显著(McNemar test, P<0.0001).以上结果说明,不同生理阶段小尾寒羊的个体行为时间分配具有明显差异;夏日环境温度对小尾寒羊的行为及其姿势选择有显著效应,而且影响怀孕母羊对躺卧区选择的喜好.提示,小尾寒羊舍饲散养系统提供的分异环境是导致羔羊与成体羊显现不同行为时间格局的原因之一,怀孕母羊作出高温回避的自然反应的前提是要有适宜容量的个体空间,这是设施养殖生产管理者应该考虑的.In order to evaluate indoor environment and animal welfare in the housing of sheep, it is necessary to establish a quantified behavioral data of sheep as feedback. Individual behaviors of the Chinese little fat-tailed sheep in three growth phases (lambs, pregnant and lactating ewes) were observed and recorded on a sheep farm in Inner Mongolia in summer, 2003. Data processing showed: (1) Behavioral patterns in duration from observed samples (9 in each group) were made up of: time spent in eating and drinking 29.18%, in rumination 28.37%, in resting 31.51%, in locomotion 10.21%, and in others 0.71% including environmental investigation,being alarmed or startled, and social interaction. Individually behavioral durations of three growth phases showed significant difference in durations with respect to intake and drinking, rumination, resting, and locomotion respectively (Kruskal-Wallis H tests, P<0.001). (2) Results of posture choice of the sheep in different growth phases show that time spent in lying for rumination or resting was significantly more than time spent standing by lambs, pregnant and lactating ewes respectively (Wilcoxon test, P<0.001). (3) The counts data of animal behaviors in three levels of temperature showed that on average 31.3% of individuals were lying for rumination and resting at 21-23 ℃, 75% at 25-27 ℃, 97.13% at 29-31 ℃ in houses of pregnant ewes. This is a significant effect of temperature on number of pregnant ewes lying on floor of the houses (Friedman test, P<0.05). (4) Our data of counts of the pregnant ewes selecting space in lying on floor in the houses from 12:00 to 17:00 at temperature ranging 27-31 ℃, showed that there was significant differences in individuals selecting between A-zone (places naturally ventilated well and without sun shining) and B-zone (places exposed to the sun) (McNemar test,P<0.0001). Many of the ewes increasing from 66% to 83% selected A-zone, whereas a few of the other ewes decreasing from 31% to 14% selected B-zone during observed period. Our result

关 键 词：小尾寒羊 舍饲散养系统 个体行为 动物需求 羔羊 怀孕母羊 哺乳母羊 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学] Q958.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]