太平鸟和灰头鹀的代谢产热特征及体温调节  

Metabolism and Thermoregulation in Waxwings (Bombycilla garrulous) and Black-faced Buntings (Emberiza spodocephala)

作　　者：李铭[1] 柳劲松[1] 韩宏磊[2] 张海军[2] 方昊[2] 

机构地区：[1]温州师范学院生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325027 [2]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第3期287-293,共7页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：温州师范学院人员引进基金资助项目

摘　　要：采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪,测定了在环境温度5、10、15、16、18、20、22、25、26、28和30℃时,捕自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus,1♀、7♂)和灰头(Emberizaspodocephala,8♂)的代谢率(MR),计算每个温度点的热传导(C)、MR和C的体重预期值。结果显示:在环境温度(Ta)为5~30℃时,太平鸟的体温(Tb)基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·20±0·05)℃;热中性区(TNZ)为18~27℃,基础代谢率(BMR)为(2·33±0·47)mLO2/(g·h);Ta在5~18℃,MR与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为:MR=5·46(±0·19)-0·17(±0·01)Ta;Ta在5~22℃,C最低且基本保持恒定,平均为(0·13±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃)。5~30℃时,灰头Tb也基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·25±0·05)℃;TNZ为20~26℃,BMR为(4·75±0·18)mLO2/(g·h),最低C为(0·26±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃);在5~20℃时,MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR=9·54(±0·52)-0·23(±0·03)Ta。两种鸟具有BMR和Tb较高、下临界温度较低和TNZ较宽、热传导稍高的北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点,通过自身的物理和化学调节(代谢产热)以更好地适应其生存环境。In order to understand the ecophysiological characteristics of the waxwing (Bombycilla garrulous) and black-faced bunting (Emberiza spodocephala) inhabiting in relative cold area, we measured their metabolic rates (MR), body temperatures (Tb), and thermal conductance (C) at temperature range of 5, 10, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28 and 30 ℃. Adult waxwings and buntings were live-trapped by mist net in the Qiqihar City, Heihongjiang Province (47°29′N, 124°02′E) from April to July 2004. Eight waxwings (seven males and one female) and eight buntings (all males) were used in this experiment. Body masses to the nearest 0.1 g were determined immediately upon capture with a Sartorius balance (model BT25S). The mean body mass of waxwings and buntings were 64.9±0.6 g and 15.1±0.2 g (mean±SE), respectively. Birds were transported to the laboratory and caged (50×30×20 cm^3) under natural photoperiod and temperature. Food and water were supplied ad lib. MR was measured by using closed circuit respirometer, and temperature was controlled by water bath (±0.5 ℃), Tb was measured by insertion of a digital thermometer (Beijing Normal University Instruments Co.) into the cloaca, and C was calculated at each temperature below the thermal neutral zone using the formula: C=MR/(Tb-Ta), where Ta is ambient temperature. The thermal neutral zone of waxwings and buntings were 18-27 ℃ and 20-26 ℃, respectively. The mean metabolic rates within thermal neutral zone of these species were 2.33±0.47 and 4.75±0.18 mL O2/(g·h), respectively, which are 110% and 151% of the expected value from their body mass, respectively. Mean Tbs of waxwings and buntings were 38.20±0.05 and 38.25±0.05 ℃, respectively. Conductances of waxwings and buntings were 0.13±0.00 and 0.26±0.00 mL O2/(g·h·℃), respectively, representing 153% and 157% of the expected value based on their body mass. Below the lower critical temperatures MR increased with declining Ta and the regression equations relating MR to Ta

关 键 词：太平鸟 灰头鹀 代谢率 热传导 体温调节 

分 类 号：Q413[生物学—生理学]