流行性出血热传播途径的研究  

Experimental Studies on Transmission of EHF in Rodents

作　　者：张云[1] 陶开华[1] 赵学忠[1] 吴光华[1] 姜克俭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京军区军事医学研究所,陕西省预防医学研究所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》1994年第3期132-135,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国人民解放军总后勤部卫生部"七五""八五"攻关课题

摘　　要：使用实验动物对流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）几个可能的传播途径进行了研究。结果表明５ＩＤ＿（５０）／ｍｌ的ＥＨＦＶ悬液即可通过破损的表皮使实验鼠感染；从ＥＨＦ疫区采集的革螨和恙螨均能自然感染、叮刺传播和经卵传递ＥＨＦＶ；感染ＥＨＦＶ的实验动物排出的ＥＨＦＶ可经气溶胶的形式传播给正常实验动物；ＥＨＦＶ可经破损的消化道粘膜感染实验鼠。这些结果提示：经皮肤伤口传播是鼠间和鼠人间ＥＨＦＶ的主要传播途径；螨媒传播对鼠间ＥＨＦＶ传播和保持疫源地起了重要作用；以气溶胶的形式经呼吸道传播是特定条件下实验动物型ＥＨＦ的主要传播途径；ＥＨＦＶ在一般条件下难以通过消化道使实验鼠感染。这些研究结果为ＥＨＦ的预防提供了重要的科学依据。tudies on the possible routes of transmission of epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF)were con-ducted in experimental animals.Results showed five一ID_(50) /ml of EHF virus(EHFV)suspension couldinfect rats through their damaged skin, Both gamasid mites and mower′s mites collected from epidemicareas could naturally infect and transmit EHFV by biting and stinging,or transmit transovarially.EHFV excreted from the experimentally infected animals could be transmitted to normal ones byaerosol,Experimental rats could be infected with EHFV via damaged mucous membrane of the diges-tive tract.The above results suggested the main route of transmission of EHFV was via damaged skin.Mite-borne transmission played an important role in perpetuating natural foci of EHF in rats.Respiratory transmission of EHFV via aerosol also was a possible route of transmission underspecific conditions.In general,EHFV could hardly be transmitted via digestive tract.All those men-tioned above provided an important scientific basis for prevention of EHF.

关 键 词：出血热病毒 昆虫媒介 流行性出血热 

分 类 号：R512.801[医药卫生—内科学]