青藏铁路冻土爆破开挖技术  

Blasting Technique of Exploiting Frozen Earth in Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project

作　　者：杨年华[1] 张志毅[1] 傅洪贤[1] 张翠兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2005年第3期11-15,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2001G006)

摘　　要：青藏铁路冻土爆破开挖必须解决高原、冻土、环保三大技术难题。针对青藏线多年冻土区的地质结构特征和对爆破器材的要求,在青藏铁路冻土爆破中,应尽可能采用机械化装药和高威力炸药。现场试验证明在暖季爆破可选用普通销铵炸药和乳化炸药,在寒季拟选用防冻、抗水性炸药。钻孔机械选型建议为:钻孔深度不超过2 0m的浅层开挖爆破可选择麻花钻;钻孔深度2～7m的中深层开挖爆破可选择冲击钻,并可在含碎石的冻土中穿凿钻孔;开挖深度大于5m,且开挖方量比较集中的工点,可选择牙轮冲击回转式钻机。通过冻土中钻孔扩壶爆破试验和深孔爆破试验,青藏高原多年冻土应采用弱松动爆破,炸药单耗一般控制在0 25～0 35kg·m3,一次爆破规模限定在当天爆破当天挖运的方量。Plateau, frozen earth and environmental protection are the most critical technical issues for the blasting of exploiting frozen earth in Qinghai-Tibet railway project. Considering the special geological properties and the special requirement of the explosives in such area, the mechanical loading and high powerful explosives should be applied as possible. It is confirmed by in situ tests that the ordinary AN explosive and emulsion explosive will meet the demand in warmer seasons. However, it would be required to load the anti-frostbite and water-resistance explosives in winter. The drill machines are chosen as: blast-holes depth less than 2 m, the twist drill will be chosen for surface layer blasting; when blast-holes depth is 2-7 m, the shock drill will be chosen, and can drill in the frozen earth contained stone; blast-holes depth more than 5 m and a great quantity of frozen earth to be exploited, the shock and rotary gear drill will be chosen. According to the pot blast and long hole blast tests, it is concluded that shaker blast would be used for the tableland-permafrost blast, the PF is 0.25-0.35 kg&middotm3, the volume of the blast should be around the daily excavated volume.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 冻土 爆破 爆破参数 钻孔 

分 类 号：TU752[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]