油田污染土壤中石油回收的模拟研究  

Experiment of Oil Recovery from Oil-contaminated Soil

作　　者：何泽能[1] 李振山[1] 籍国东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境工程系

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2005年第2期136-145,共10页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助(项目号:2004AA649360);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(项目号:90102016)

摘　　要：以华北油田原油和华北平原典型表层土壤为模拟原料,配制了石油污染土壤.在十余种表面活性剂中发现曲拉通、平平加、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和石油烷基苯磺酸钠四种洗油效果较好.根据单纯形格子点法设计了这四种表面活性剂的复配实验,并采用神经网络模型对复配实验结果进行了优化分析,确定了三组最佳洗油剂配方:(i)3(曲拉通)∶1(石油烷基苯磺酸钠);(ii)2(曲拉通)∶1(平平加)∶1(石油烷基苯磺酸钠);(iii)3(曲拉通)∶1(平平加)∶2(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)∶4(石油烷基苯磺酸钠).三种配方的助剂为硅酸钠和碳酸钠,助剂量分别为30—50%.以此为基础,分别考察了搅拌温度、时间、强度、固液比和加药浓度的变化对石油污染土壤清洗效率的影响,并根据正交实验结果对工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明,当搅拌强度为150r/min、搅拌时间50min、搅拌温度75℃、固液比1∶20、加药总浓度0.3g/L时,对含油13.42%的污染土壤,脱油率为90.15%.清洗后污油无明显乳化现象,且浮于液面,只须简单刮油即可回收.若将药剂使用量增加到2.5g/L时,脱油率可达98%以上.Experiments were conducted to recover the oil from oil-contaminated soil. The artificial oil contaminated soil was confected by using the crude oil of Huabei Oilfield and the typical soil on North China Plain, with analysis of organic component and viscosity of crude oil, and the size distribution of the soil. Triton, peregal, nonylphenol ethoxylate and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, based on the qualitative comparison experiments between 10 kinds of surfactants, were selected for further experiments because of their higher efficiency of washing oil. The mixing experiments were conducted according to the Simplex-lattice design. Furthermore, the surfactant formulation was optimized by the neural network model. The results show three optimality surfactant formulation: (i) 3(triton):1(sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate); (ii) 2(triton):1(peregal):1(sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate); and (iii) 3(triton):1(peregal):2(nonylphenol ethoxylate):4(sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate). In these three kinds of formulation, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate, the concentrations of which were from 30% to 50%, were used for the assistant reagent. The influence of factors such as agitate temperature, agitate time, solid-liquid ratio, agitate intensity and reagent concentration on the efficiency of oil washing were researched. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the process conditions. The result indicated that when agitate temperature is at 75°C, agitate time 50 min, solid liquid ratio 1:20, agitate intensity 150 r/min, and reagent concentration 0.3 g/L, the efficiency of oil washing can be up to 90.15%, and that the oil floated on the surface without obvious emulsification, and was gathered through simple shaving. If the reagent concentration rise to 2.5 g/L, the efficiency of oil washing may is beyond 98%.

关 键 词：模拟研究 石油回收 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 烷基苯磺酸钠 石油污染土壤 表面活性剂 神经网络模型 复配实验 搅拌温度 曲拉通 平平加 表层土壤 华北平原 油田原油 优化分析 清洗效率 工艺条件 正交实验 搅拌强度 搅拌时间 乳化现象 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]