水土保持在促进黄河水资源高效利用中的作用  

Effect of Woil and Water Conservation on Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：杨平[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局西北林业调查规划设计院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2005年第3期108-111,共4页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"基于DEM的区域水土流失地形因子研究"(40301027);中国科学院知识创新科研专项(ISWC-SP-C128)

摘　　要：黄河流域面积约为全国的8.3%,多年平均天然径流量和人均水资源量分别为5.80×1010m3和527m3,分别为全国水平的2%和20%左右。由于气候变化、水土保持和生产生活用水量增加等原因,流域水资源更加短缺。黄河流域水资源年际变化很大,季节分布极为不均,水土流失严重,黄河多年平均含沙量高达37.6kg.m-3,每年需要1.50×1010~2.0×1010m3水用于下游排沙,占到黄河水资源量的30%左右,进一步加剧了流域水资源短缺。黄河流域"水沙异源"特点明显,中游水土流失严重地区产流量和产沙量分别占到流域产流量的10%和70%左右。中游地区水土保持措施每减少1t泥沙约减少地表径流量3.19~16.15m3,而黄河下游河道每输1t泥沙需要水量在33~60m3,在该区采取水土保持措施可以相对增加水资源数量。1970~1996年,河龙区间水土保持措施减沙量为1.495×108t,综合考虑措施减少径流量和减少输沙用水量时,每年相对增加可开采水资源量达4.88×109m3。The area of the Yellow River Basin is 8.3% of the area of China. Its average annual total runoff is 5.80×10^(10) m^3, or 2% of that of China. Water resources per capita in the Yellow River basin are 527 m^3,or 20% of China's per capital amount. For climate change, soil and water conservation, and water usage of agriculture and industry, the condition of water resources worsens. The water resources volume varies greatly between different years and seasons. Soil loss is severe in the Yellow River Basin with average sediment content of 37.6 kg m^(-3). 30% of flow, or approximating 1.50×10^(10)~2.0×10^(10) m^3 annually, is lost flushing sediment from lower riverbed to the sea. The sources of sediment and water are different and the sediment and water coming from the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin account for 10% and 70% of that of the whole basin. A reduction of one ton of sediment erosion results in about a 3.19 to 16.15 m^3 reduction in water yield, but when flushing one ton of sediment; about 33 to 60 m^3 of water is needed. This shows that soil and water conservation practices can result in a relative increase in water resource. From 1970 to 1996, soil and water conservation practices reduced soil loss by an average of 1.495×10~8 t annually in the section between Hekou and Longmen of the Yellow River Basin. If the water used that has to flush this sediment is considered, the water resources have increased by 4.88×109 m^3.

关 键 词：水资源 水土保持 黄河流域 输沙用水 河龙区间 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]