银杏观赏品种染色体核型分析  

CHROMOSOME KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF GINKGO ORNAMENTAL CULTIVARS

作　　者：高进红[1] 邢世岩[1] 姜岳忠[2] 李士美[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省林业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第1期19-24,共6页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：校属于林业部948国外银杏新品种引进项目<叶用银杏新品种及矮林营建技术引进>(编号98-4-16)部分内容.

摘　　要：本研究以银杏(GinkgobilobaL.)幼叶为材料,采用压片法首次对来自4个国家的‘塔形银杏’(Fistigiata)等21个银杏观赏品种进行系统的染色体核型分析。研究结果表明:①银杏观赏品种染色体核型一致,均为2n=2x=24=4m+8sm+12st。②对其中已知性别的15个观赏品种和未知性别的6个观赏品种的染色体进行了分析比较;并对6个未知性别的观赏品种进行了性别鉴定。③雄株染色体相对长度在4.37%～17.12%之间,而雌株染色体相对长度4.3l%～15.34%之间。臂比大于2:1的染色体占83.33%,观赏品种的核型属于较不对称的3B型。④核型进化分析表明,观赏品种染色体平均臂比或长度比较银杏原种有较大变化。‘垂乳银杏’(Tit)、‘金兵普林斯顿’(Princetonsentry)和‘叶籽银杏’(Yeziyinxing)的染色体长度比大于3.2,而‘圣克鲁斯’(SantaCruz)平均臂比最大为3.2。本文对银杏的起源、演化及观赏品种分类进行了探讨。The karyotypes of chromosomes of 21 ornamental cultivars of Ginkgo such as ‘fistigiata’were firstly analyzed with the material of young leaves by smear method in this paper.The results of analyses showed that:①The karyotype of all cultivars is identical,which that of these cultivars can be described as 2n=2x=24=4m+8sm+12st.②15 sexknown and 6 sexunknown cultivars were compared in this research,and 6 sexunknown were distinguished.③The relative length of chromosome varies between 4.31%～15.34% in the female cultivars,while 4.37%～17.12% in the male cultivars.The arm ratio of chromosome ageute than 2:1 is approxomately 83.33%,belonging to asymmetric 3B type.④The analysis of evolving trend showed that the mean arm ratio or length ratio on chromosome on Ginkgo ornamental cultivars have bigger variance than that of original Ginkgo biloba.The length ratio of Tit,Pri.and Yez.is more than 3.2 and the mean arm ratio of San.is 3.2.The originality,evolution and classification of the cultivars were discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：银杏 观赏品种 染色体 核型分析 起源 演化 分类 

分 类 号：S687[农业科学—观赏园艺]