山岳冰川的能量分类  

Classification of Mountain Glaciers Based on Energy

作　　者：王宗太[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第2期137-145,共9页Arid Zone Research

摘　　要：应用热力学原理,对冰川低温热力学系统在物态变化中的能量转换,进行宏观分析和计算,用“能量”作量度,用“冰川比内能”u为指标,对山岳冰川进行分类。对世界上34条山岳冰川,以u值100000J为分界,将其划分为高能量和低能量2大类以及相应的6个亚类。同时,讨论了类型特征、界限确定及分类意义等问题。In this paper, the energy conversion of glacial cryogenic thermodynamic systems in the change of glacier state is calculated and analyzed by using the thermodynamics theory. It is considered that a glacier is a cryogenic thermodynamic system, and its internal energy is called glacier energy. The analyzed results reveal that the change of internal energy of glaciers is different with the change of physical properties of glaciers. Thus, the annual change of internal energy per unit glacier area near the glacier zero equilibrium line is called as the 'specific internal energy of glacier', and expressed by u 〔J/(cm 2/a)〕. The calculation equation is as:u=P(334.88+2.093Δt)+55 506.36 d. Where, P is the annual precipitation near the zero equilibrium line; d is the annual saturation deficit near the zero equilibrium line; and Δt is the temperature difference between the initial state and the final state of the glacier near the zero equilibrium line. Glaciers are the low-temperature thermodynamic systems. The energy conversion of glaciers is calculated and analyzed based on the thermodynamic theory; thus, the u values of 34 mountain glaciers in the different regions in the world are derived to be as the indexes of the energy classification of glaciers. According to the statistical results, the glaciers are classified into 2 main types, i.e., the high-energy glaciers when their u values are higher than 100 000 J and the low-energy glaciers when their u values are lower than 100 000 J. The classification is not only an academic study, but also can provide the quantitative parameters for economic activities and engineering application. The 2 types of glaciers are quite different in physical properties and energy effects, for example, the high-energy glaciers are developed under the warm-humid climatic conditions, the glaciers are characterized by the violent melt, rapid movement, abundant water resources, low stability, strong capability of erosion and deposition, frequent occurrence of glacial disasters, etc., and the

关 键 词：冰川 热力学原理 热力学系统 能量转换 物态变化 宏观分析 类型特征 分类意义 低能量 高能量 低温 内能 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]