膜下滴灌风沙土盐分变化及分布特点  

Change and Distribution of Salt in the Improved Aeolian Sandy Soil under Film Drip Irrigation

作　　者：刘新永[1] 田长彦[1] 吕昭智[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第2期172-176,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院创新项目(KZCX1-08-01);农业项目(NB十五-E-02)

摘　　要：通过对已进行膜下滴灌2a和5a的改良风沙土电导率和总盐分的测定,探讨不同滴灌年限土壤盐分变化及分布特点。研究表明,在膜下滴灌与冬灌和春灌相结合的条件下,土壤表层0～30cm盐分逐年下降,但脱盐效率也不断降低;盐分在土壤中分层明显,在水平方向,距离滴头越远,盐分越重;垂直方向,土壤盐分最低值位于表层20～40cm处。在表层0～40cm的土层中,靠近薄膜边缘盐分差异较大;随着滴灌年限的增加,脱盐区范围增大,特别是水平脱盐距离增加明显。不同滴灌年限的深层压盐区变化不大,膜间聚盐区位于膜间裸地并延伸到薄膜内,位于土壤表层0～40cm。In this paper, the soil conductance and salt content in soil under film drip irrigation for 2 and 5 years respectively are measured, and the change and distribution of salt in the improved aeolian sandy soil under drip irrigation for the different years are researched. The experimental field is located at Paotai Town Soil Improvement Experimental Base in the Shihezi region, Xinjiang, the region is close to the marginal zone of the Gurbantonggut Desert, the annual precipitation here is 150 mm and occurs mainly during the period from June to August, but the annual evaporation is as high as 1 900 mm. The salt content in topsoil of 0～30 cm in depth was 9.01 g/kg before improving soil. Four rows of cotton were planted under each piece of plastic film (1.5 m in width), and the wide row spacing and narrow row spacing were 40 cm and 20 cm respectively. The conditions of irrigation and fertilization were the same with the contrast, 10～11 times of irrigation were done, and the water volume of each time of irrigation was 375 m 3/hm 2. The soil samples were sampled from 4 sampling sites at each of the 2 hm 2 sampling fields after implementing film drip irrigation for 2 and 5 years respectively on September 20, 2003 after stopping irrigation and fertilization for 20 days. The sampling depths were 0～10, 10～20,20～40,40～60 and 60～80 cm, and the sampling sites were 0, 20, 40 and 60 cm away from drippers respectively.The results show that both salt content in topsoil of 0～30 cm in depth and the efficiency of desalination are gradually decreased under the joint effects film drip irrigation with winter irrigation and spring irrigation. Horizontally, soil salt content increases with the increase of distance away from drippers, and vertically, the lowest salt content occurs in soil layer of 20～40 cm in depth. The salt content in topsoil of 0～40 cm in depth decreases gradually downward. The extent of desalination is enlarged with the time of drip irrigation. Desalination is not so obvious in deep soil under drip irr

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 分布特点 风沙土 土壤盐分变化 土壤表层 脱盐效率 水平方向 垂直方向 电导率 年限 最低值 距离 薄膜 盐区 春灌 冬灌 滴头 裸地 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]