水旱灾害对农田景观动态的影响——以松嫩平原农安县为例  

Dynamic Impacts of Floods and Droughts on Farmland Landscapes——A Case Study in Nong'an County in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：何艳芬[1] 张柏[1] 马超群[2] 刘权[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]长安大学,陕西西安710054 [3]清华大学水利系水文水资源研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第2期241-245,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(东北地区农业水土资源优化调控机制与技术研究KZCX1-SW-19)

摘　　要：由于受地形、地貌、降水等自然因素以及土地利用等综合因素的影响,地处松嫩平原腹地的农安县农业发展受水旱连害、水旱相互消长和水旱并害,并且水旱灾害的波动幅度较大,旱灾受灾面积整体上大于水灾受灾面积。水旱灾害对农田景观的影响具有相关的作用机理。通过农安县降水和水田面积、降水和水灾面积以及水灾面积变化对水稻田面积变化的影响,分析其相关性。结果表明,水灾面积变化是引起农田景观动态的直接因素,而且水田景观变化滞后于水灾的变化,这种滞后性反过来又加剧了农业旱灾的发生。通过水旱灾害对农田景观动态的影响,说明该区土地利用的不合理性。Synthetically affected by natural factors, such as landform and morphological conditions as well as precipitation, and human activities, such land use, the agricultural development in Nong'an County, located in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain, is impacted by floods and droughts. The Songnen Plain is located in central northeast China, its total area is 2.375×10 5 km 2, it belongs to semihumid and semiarid climate, the annual precipitation varies in a range of 500～350 mm and reduces from the southeast to the northwest, the annual evaporation varies in a range of 1 000～1 900 mm and increases from the southeast to the northwest. The agricultural production in the county fluctuates greatly due to the natural disasters including floods and droughts, and the disaster area of droughts is generally larger than that of floods. This paper analyzes the correlations between precipitation and paddy field area, precipitation and disaster area of floods and the impacts of disaster area on the paddy field area. The results show that the change of disaster area of floods is a direct factor affecting the dynamic change of farmland landscapes, the change of paddy field landscapes lags the change of flood disasters, and such lagging makes agricultural droughts be more serious. The dynamic change of farmland landscapes caused by flood and drought disasters reveals that the land use in the study area is irrational.

关 键 词：水旱灾害 景观动态 松嫩平原 农安县 面积变化 土地利用 受灾面积 综合因素 自然因素 农业发展 波动幅度 作用机理 农田景观 景观变化 农业旱灾 不合理性 水灾 降水 水稻田 相关性 滞后性 水田 

分 类 号：S42[农业科学—植物保护]