九龙江口红树林土壤微生物的类群及抗菌活性  

Microflora and antimicrobial activities of soil microorganisms in mangrove forests in the Jiulong Estuary,China

作　　者：林鹏[1] 张瑜斌[1] 邓爱英[1] 庄铁诚[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋学报》2005年第3期133-141,共9页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270272).

摘　　要：研究了九龙江口的秋茄(Kandeliacandel)林和白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)林两个红树林群落及其相应对照光滩土壤微生物的类群及抗菌活性.对微生物类群的研究结果表明:九龙江口红树林区土壤细菌中,芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)是最占优势的属;放线菌以小单胞菌属(Micromonospora)最具优势;其次是链霉菌属(Streptomyces),从秋茄林到白骨壤林,由于潮位降低,小单胞菌比例增加,而链霉菌比例下降;丝状真菌以半知菌占绝对优势,木霉(Trichoderma)、曲霉(Aspergillus)和青霉(Penicillum)是最常见的属;随着土壤深度的增加,微生物的类群减少,但芽孢杆菌和小单胞菌的相对比例增加;红树林土壤微生物类群比对照光滩丰富,缘于林内土壤营养与微生物的栖息条件比光滩优越.对抗菌活性研究表明:土壤真菌的抗菌活性低,抗菌谱窄;放线菌的抗菌活性高,抗菌谱宽,具有抗菌活性的放线菌多为小单胞菌,小单胞菌是一类值得重视的放线菌.Microflora and antimicrobial activities of soil microorganisms were investigated in Kandelia candel forest, Avicennia marina forest and their corresponding mud-flats in the Jiulong Estuary, Fujian of China. The studies on microflora indicate that Bacillus is dominant genus in bacterial genera; Micromonospora is dominant genus followed by Streptomyces in actinomycete genera; increase of percentage of Micromonospora and decrease of that of Streptomyces is presented with descending tidal level from K. candel forest to A. marina forest; the percentage of imperfect fungi is absolutely dominant in isolated fungi, of which Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Penicillum is dominant and conmon genera; microflora declins with increasing soil depth, however, the percentage of Bacillus and Micromonospora increases relatively with it; the reason why microflora of soil is more in mangrove forest than in mud-flats attributed to more abundant soil nutrition and better habitat in mangrove forests. Studies on antimicrobial activity reveals that antimicrobial activity of soil fungi is weaker than that of soil actinomycetes, so antibiogram of soil fungi is narrow while that of soil actinomycetes is wide; the genus Micromonospora should be worth paying attention to owing to its strong antimicrobial activities.

关 键 词：微生物区系 抗菌活性 土壤 红树林 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学] S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]