关中西部畦灌优化灌水技术要素组合的初步研究  

Study of Reasonable Technique Elemental Combination in the of the Border Irrigation in the West Guanzhong Plain

作　　者：史学斌[1] 马孝义[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2005年第2期39-43,80,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技专项(20022AA2Z4211);国家自然科学基金项目(49871040);教育部青年教师资助计划课题(2003-108)

摘　　要：在杨凌区砂壤土、中壤土的冬小麦和果树地,进行了畦田规格和灌水技术要素对水流推进和消退过程、灌水效率与灌水均匀度影响的田间试验,利用地面灌溉水流运动数学模型对畦灌条件下的最佳灌水技术要素组合进行了模拟和分析。结果表明,零惯量模型可以很好的模拟畦灌灌水过程中水流运动规律;畦田规格和灌水技术要素对灌水效率和灌水均匀度具有明显影响,对所研究的砂壤土冬小麦地在1‰、3‰田面坡度条件下,单宽流量以7L/(s·m)为宜,最大畦长应分别以40m、90m;对中壤土果树地1‰、3‰、5‰坡度条件下的畦长和单宽流量组合为分别以50m和6.0L/(s·m)、90m和6.0L/(s·m)、90m和5.0L/(s·m)左右为宜。同时为达到较高的灌水效率和灌水均匀度,畦田坡度不宜过大。Field experiment were conducted in a sandy loam and medium loam in the Semiarid region to investigate the influences of border dimensions and irrigation variables on the performance of water advance and recession, Application Efficiency(Ea) and Distribution Uniformity(DU). Results showed that the surface irrigation inflow could be represent by the Zero-inertia model. The border dimensions and irrigation flow rate of unit width affected the Application Efficiency and Distribution Uniformity significantly. The optimization inflow rate of unit width and border length in the sandy loam planted winter wheat at 1‰, 3‰ border slope are 7 L/(s·m)and 50 m, 7 L/(s·m)and 90 m. The optimization inflow rate of unit width and border length in the medium loam planted fruit tree at 1‰, 3‰ 5‰ border slope 6 L/(s·m)and 50 m, 6 L/(s·m)and 90 m, 5 L/(s·m)and 90 m.

关 键 词：灌水技术要素 组合 畦灌 关中西部 灌水均匀度 优化 灌水效率 单宽流量 零惯量模型 消退过程 水流推进 田间试验 数学模型 水流运动 地面灌溉 运动规律 砂壤土 中壤土 度条件 冬小麦 畦田 果树 规格 麦地 坡度 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]