不同水氮优化组合模式对冬小麦产量形成及水氮资源利用效率的影响  

Effects of the Different Irrigation-Fertilization Optimization Models on GrainYield,Yield Structure and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李志勇[1] 陈建军[2] 王璞[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学,河南洛阳471003 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094

出　　处：《华北农学报》2005年第2期66-71,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30070451);中德合作项目(0339712A)A2子项目

摘　　要：针对华北平原冬小麦生产中氮肥及灌水存在严重浪费,进而引起环境污染问题进行了研究。在传统灌溉-优化施肥、优化灌溉-传统施肥、优化水肥、秸秆还田优化水肥及传统水肥条件下,冬小麦单位面积收获穗数和子粒产量无显著性差异。优化水肥和秸秆还田优化水肥冬小麦穗粒数显著减少,千粒重显著提高。所有处理间冬小麦水分利用效率无显著性差异。传统灌溉-优化施肥、优化水肥及秸秆还田优化水肥氮肥当季利用率显著提高,因此达到了挖掘冬小麦的节肥潜力,提高优化灌溉条件下氮肥利用效率的目的。The experimental results showed insignificant difference in the ear number per unit area and grain yield of winter wheat between the traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization, optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization, optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization, optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues, and traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization; the greatly reduced grain number per ear and significantly heavier weight of 1 000 grains of the optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization and optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues; the significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency of the traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization,optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization and optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues; and indistinct difference in water use efficiency between the five treatments.

关 键 词：资源利用效率 优化组合模式 产量形成 优化水肥 显著性差异 环境污染问题 秸秆还田 水分利用效率 优化施肥 冬小麦生产 华北平原 优化灌溉 水肥条件 子粒产量 收获穗数 单位面积 灌溉条件 传统 中氮肥 利用率 灌水 穗粒 

分 类 号：S645.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] G40-054[农业科学—园艺学]