高压水射流理论及其在石油工程中应用研究进展  

Advances in researches and applications of water jet theory in petroleum engineering

作　　者：李根生[1] 沈忠厚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程院

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2005年第1期96-99,共4页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(50125413)CNPC钻井重点实验室应用基础研究项目(03A20201)

摘　　要：近年来新型水射流理论研究及其在石油工程中的应用进展主要包括:①自激振荡射流调制机理研究,创制了新型高效自振空化射流,发明了自激振荡射流钻头,首创了自振旋转射流处理近井地层解堵增产增注技术和自激波动注水技术。②机械及水力联合破岩理论研究,揭示了在钻井压入与旋转双向应力作用下,岩石裂纹形成和发展规律,建立了联合破岩钻头设计理论。③旋转射流理论和破岩机理研究,研制了径向水平钻井技术。④磨料射流特性和参数影响规律研究,优化了水力喷砂射孔参数设计,发展和完善了水力喷砂射孔技术。⑤高压水射流深穿透水力射孔及辅助压裂可行性研究,不仅可以提高射孔和压裂效率,而且为油田(特别是低渗透油藏)增产增注提供了一种有效方法。⑥双射流理论及其特性研究,双射流有利于形成大而深的破岩孔道,避免孔眼凸底的形成,可以提高射流破岩钻孔效率。⑦探索超高压射流辅助破岩理论及辅助钻井新方法,建立了超高压射流辅助破岩的三维PDC钻头模型。The recent developments of high pressure water jet technology, especially its research progress in theory and applications in petroleum engineering industry, are reviewed. The study on modulation mechanism of self-resonating water jet introduced a new type, high efficiency, self-resonating cavitating jet. Wide and effective applications are found both in drilling, which invented the self-resonating cavitating jet bit, and in plug removing and formation treatment, which developed two new technologies; one is self-resonating swirling jet treating near well bore formation to enhance oil production and water injection, and the other is self-resonating pulsating water injection. The technology of rock penetrating by combining mechanical and hydraulic methods was well developed, which presents the formation and development regulations of rock cracks under bi-stresses of drilling pressure and shearing stress induced by swirling jet, to develop the bit design theory concerning both mechanic and hydraulic effects. The development of radial horizontal well drilling technology was under the studies on swirling jet theory and rock failure mechanism. To further develop the abrasive water jet perforation technology, experiments were conducted to study jet features and optimize jet parameters. The studies on the feasibility of water jet deep penetrating assisting hydraulic formation fracturing operation, on dual jet theory and features, and on ultra high pressure water jet assisting drilling illustrated well of the large scope application of water jet technology in the petroleum engineering industry.

关 键 词：新型射流 射流喷嘴 钻头 钻井新方法 物理法采油 提高采收率 

分 类 号：TE248[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]