中棉与纳尔逊氏棉(G.nelsonii Fryx)种间杂种F_1的研究  

Cytological and Morphological Studies on the Interspecific F_1 Hybrid between Gossypium arboreum and G. nelsonii

作　　者：周宝良[1] 黄骏麒[1] 彭跃进[1] 徐英俊[1] 钱思颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《作物学报》1994年第2期217-222,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：本项目为国家自然科学基金资助课题

摘　　要：本文研究了中棉(Gossypium arboreum race sinense)与纳尔逊氏棉(G.nelsonii Fryx)种间杂种F_1的一些形态性状的遗传变异及花粉母细胞减数分裂的染色体行为。杂种一代呈简形,全株密集如毡的绒毛,叶片缺刻浅,似纳尔逊氏棉。除第一朵花为闭花外,其余均为开放花,呈玫瑰红色。少数花药退化成托叶状。减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体平均构型为6.14Ⅰ+9.35Ⅱ+0.05Ⅲ+0.24Ⅳ,这一结果表明,中棉A_2染色体组与纳尔逊氏棉的染色体组存在结构上的差异。讨论了在育种中利用纳尔逊氏棉的途径及技术问题。Interspecific F1 hybrid of G. arboreum race sinense (2n=26, A2)×G. nelsonii Fryx (2n=26) was analysed for its chromosome behavior in the meiosis of pollen mother cells. Observation was done on the inheritance of its morphological characters at the flowering stage. It was indicated that the interspecific F1 hybrid showed an obvious mode of transgressive inheritance and most of the F1 characters showed intermeidiate type. There existed some characters which were lacking in their, such as stipule-shaped anther on the base of the staminal column. The average chromosome configuration at metaphase I of F1 hybrid is 2n=26=6.14I+9.35Ⅱ+0.05Ⅲ+0.24Ⅳ. The result indicated that there may be structural changes such as chromosome translocation between G. arboreum and G. nelsonii. Based on the result and Skovsted's observation on F1 hybrid of G. arboreum and G. sturtianum (1937), it is assumed that G. nelsonii may be classified into the C genome. The relationship between G. arboreum and G. nelsonii is also discussed. Tentative procedures are proposed that G. nelsonii may be utilized for developing glandless-seed and glanded-plant upland cotton strains.

关 键 词：中棉 纳尔逊氏棉 形态 细胞学 

分 类 号：S562.035.1[农业科学—作物学]