水稻耐光抑制种质的简易筛选技术的原理和应用  

Technical Principle of Massive Screening of Rice Germplasm for Tolerance to Photoinhibition and It's Application

作　　者：焦德茂[1] 季本华[1] 童红玉[1] 吴荣生[1] 陈炳松[1] 朱献玳 严建民[1] 仲维功[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院

出　　处：《作物学报》1994年第3期322-326,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省和国家自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：对已建立的水稻耐光抑制种质资源的简易批量筛选技术,进行了可行性的论证和原理探讨、实验证明:将离体叶片放入水中经高光强处理,是一种人上光抑制条件.在这种条件下,品种间对光抑制的敏感性有显著差异.经测定耐光抑制的品种光合速率、PSII活性、Q_B蛋白表现相对稳定,这与内源保护物质SOD诱导活性高,有毒的活性氧积累少有关.因此这类品种在简易筛选条件下叶绿素降解缓慢,可见光氧化(叶色)伤害较轻,而对光抑制敏感的品种则在生理上有相反的表现.用这种简易技术对75份水稻种质资源进行筛选,经初步鉴定:粳稻多为耐性品种;籼稻多为敏感性品种,但籼稻中也具有耐性强的品种,如美国Pecos,Bellemont;菲律宾IR38,IR43,IR52;斯里兰卡BG90-2在抽穗期表现耐光抑制特性.A simple and effective method for massive screening rice germplasm resources tolerant of photoinhibition has been developed and feasibility and prinsiples have been explored. The results of experiments demonstrated that excised leaves were immersed in the water and illuminated them overhead with strong light at ca 30℃ could be used as a artificial photoinhibition condition. Varietal difference of visual photodamage in ferm of leaf colour distortion was quite obvious. It was simutaneously indicated that Tolerant resources were characteristic of slight inhibition of photosynthetic rate、PSII activity、QB protein amount,increase in SOD activity,an endogeneous protective agent.Slight accumulation of toxy O2- which resulted in less photodamage under photoinhibitory conditions. 300 accessions of rice germplasms from different countries have been identified using this simple technigue. The primary result indicated that japonica rices were more tolerant than in-dica rices in gererally, but some indica rices such as Pecos ,Bellemont from USA; IR38,IR43, IR52 from philippine;BG90-2 from Srilanka have been selected as tolerant ones at heading stage.

关 键 词：水稻 筛选技术 光抑制 种质 

分 类 号：S511.103[农业科学—作物学]