中国湿地资源特征、现状与生态安全  

Characteristics of Wetland Resources and Ecological Safety in China

作　　者：刘红玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《资源科学》2005年第3期54-60,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"小三江平原50年湿地景观变化过程对典型水禽生境要素的影响"(编号:40471003)。

摘　　要：湿地作为一种重要的自然资源,具有独特的自然属性特征。中国湿地资源的基本特点表现在资源的有限性、区域性和差异性、整体性和系统性以及功能性等方面。随着人类活动影响,中国湿地资源丧失严重,生物多样性急剧下降。在许多典型区域已经威胁到区域生态安全问题。本文在阐述中国湿地资源特征和现状基础上,进一步利用生态足迹法,对典型湿地区域的湿地资源现状和生态安全进行了评估。结果显示,某些重要的湿地分布区出现生态赤字,生态安全呈下降趋势,区域健康和可持续发展受到影响。As an important natural resource, wetland is of special features. It is one of important land resources and has undergone land reclamation in many areas over the years. Wetlands are particular rich in water resources, which are important water sources zones and surface water storage areas. Wetlands are also rich in plants and animal resources, which is one of the richest biodiversity regions in the world.　China's wetland resources characterized in the limited area, regional features, systematic features and functions in watershed. At present, there are about (6 940)×10~4hm^2 wetlands in China, accounting for 10% of wetlands in the world, and has become the largest one in Asia, and the forth one in the world. Among these wetlands, the natural wetland is about (2 940)×10~4hm^2, including (1 680)×10~4hm^2 marshes, 910×10~4hm^2 lakes, 80×10~4hm^2 mudflats and 270×10~4hm^2 sallow water area. The artificial wetland is about (4　000)×10~4hm^2, including 200×10~4hm^2 reservoirs and (3　800)×10~4hm^2 paddy fields. These wetlands have regional differences in area and types, and also have integrity in spatial distribution and functions. Therefore, nine wetland zones were classifies in China based on these features. Wetland also plays an important role in keeping regional ecological equilibrium and environmental functions.　Wetland resources are important basis for human beings, and loss of wetlands will threaten regional environmental quality and social-economic sustainable development. Using 'ecological footprint' methodology, wetland resources situation and their ecological safety in case study areas were evaluated. Results show that with the ecological safety becoming decreasing, the 'ecological deficit' has occurred. These situations will have serious affects on regional health and sustainable development.

关 键 词：生态安全 中国 资源特征 湿地资源 人类活动影响 生物多样性 生态足迹法 可持续发展 自然资源 属性特征 基本特点 安全问题 区域生态 资源现状 典型湿地 生态赤字 有限性 差异性 区域性 功能性 系统性 整体性 典型区 特征和 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]