北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮污染状况研究  

NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF DEEP GROUNDWATER IN RURAL PLAIN AREAS OF BEIJING

作　　者：刘宏斌[1] 张云贵[1] 李志宏[1] 张维理[1] 林葆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所

出　　处：《土壤学报》2005年第3期411-418,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2004BA520A138);北京市自然科学基金项目(6052007);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410806)联合资助

摘　　要：对北京市平原农区481眼深层井硝态氮含量进行了分析。结果表明,北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮(NO-3N)含量平均为5.74mgL-1,其中48.4%的调查机井受到人类活动的影响(NO-3N≥2mgL-1),21.0%的机井超过国际安全允许上限(NO-3N≥10mgL-1),8.1%的机井超过我国饮用水上限(NO-3N≥20mgL-1)。地下水位在120～200m的饮用水质量总体较好,硝态氮平均含量为5.16mgL-1,超标率为13.8%;而地下水位在70～100m的农灌水质量相对较差,硝态氮平均含量为5.98mgL-1,超标率为24.1%。近郊地下水质量劣于远郊,其中近郊饮用水超标率为38.7%,远郊为3.0%;近郊农灌水超标率为52.6%,远郊为15.3%。地下水硝态氮超标区域主要集中在老菜区。总体来看,北京市平原农区地下水硝态氮污染程度已超过欧美国家,必需及早采取有效措施加以控制。Nitrate content of groundwater was surveyed from 1999 to 2000 in the rural plain areas of Beijing. The mean value of NO-_3-N content of groundwater sampled from 481 wells was 5.74 mg L -1, NO-_3-N content in 48.4% of the wells was above 2 mg L -1, implying that the quality of groundwater was affected by human activities, 21.0% above 10 mg L -1, which is the maximum permissible limit for drinking water, and 8.1 percent above 20 mg L -1. The surveyed wells were grouped into two types based on depth and utilization, that is, drinking wells(DW), about 120 to 200 meters in depth, and irrigation wells(IW), about 70 to 100 meters in depth. NO-_3-N contents of groundwater from 145 DWs and 336 IWs averaged 5.16 mg L -1 and 5.98 mg L -1 respectively, and 13.8% of DW and 24.1% of IW exceeded 10 mg L -1. Nitrate contamination of groundwater in the suburbs of Beijing, such as Haidian, Fengtai and Chaoyang Districts, is much worse than that in the exurbs of Beijing, such as Shunyi, Tongzhou, Changpin, and Daxing Districts. For suburban areas, NO-_3-N content in 38.7% of DW and 52.6% of IW were above 10 mg L -1, but for exurban areas, only 3.0% of DWs and 15.3% of IWs above 10 mg L -1. It is confirmed that nitrate contaminated wells were mainly located in the long-term vegetable cultivation regions. In general, nitrate contamination of groundwater in Beijing is more serious than in developed countries, and hence it is necessary to take countermeasures to control nitrate pollution.

关 键 词：地下水 硝态氮污染 平原农区 北京 农业面源污染 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]